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      Mixoma mandibular en paciente de 3 años, una entidad específica. Tratamiento quirúrgico conservador. Caso clínico y revisión de la literatura Translated title: Mandibular mixoma in a 3-year-old patient, a specific entity. Conservative surgical treatment. Case report and review of literature

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN El mixoma odontogénico o mixofibroma (MO) está considerado dentro del grupo de los tumores benignos con mesénquima con o sin epitelio odontogénico. Representa alrededor del 3-9 % de todos los tumores odontogénicos, con una incidencia del 0,07/1.000.000 habitantes al año. La tercera década es la más prevalente, con mayor incidencia en mujeres que en hombres, teniendo predilección en la región posterior de la mandíbula. Este tumor tiene crecimiento lento y es localmente agresivo, sin presentar sintomatología en la mayoría de los casos. El tratamiento quirúrgico estándar de acuerdo con la literatura es la resección con margen de seguridad. Sin embargo, existen reportes de tratamientos conservadores (enucleación y curetaje) en pacientes pediátricos de corta edad con baja tasa de recidiva. El propósito de este reporte de caso es presentar a un paciente de sexo masculino de 3 años de edad con un MO en la zona cuerpo de la mandíbula, tratado con exéresis completa de la lesión más curetaje perilesional. Se realizó un seguimiento clínico y radiográfico a los 2, 4 y 10 meses postcirugía; luego, anualmente hasta los 5 años postcirugía sin signos de recidiva. Según publicaciones respecto al MO en niños, se señala que este debería considerarse una patología única debido a sus características clínicas diferentes a las del adulto y el reporte de baja tasa de recidiva con tratamientos quirúrgicos conservadores. Considerando que la literatura respecto al MO pediátrico no es abundante. El hecho de que se aporte antecedentes respecto a una localización poco frecuente y un tratamiento conservador sin recidiva del MO en un paciente de 3 años y con 5 años de seguimiento permite entregar una esperanza de cirugías no agresivas en futuros pacientes pediátricos menores de 4 años con MO.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The odontogenic myxoma or myxofibroma (OM), is considered within the group of benign tumors with mesenchyme with or without odontogenic epithelium. It represents about 3-9 % of all odontogenic tumors, with an incidence of 0.07/1,000,000 inhabitants per year. The third decade is the most prevalent, with greater incidence in women than men, having a predilection in the posterior region of the jaw. This tumor has slow growth and is locally aggressive, without presenting symptoms in most cases. The standard surgical treatment according to the literature is resection with safety margin. However, there are reports of conservative treatments (enucleation and curettage) in young pediatric patients with low recurrence rates. The purpose of this case report is to present a 3-year-old male patient with an MO in the body area of the jaw, treated with complete hysteresis of the lesion plus perilesional curettage. Clinical and radiographic follow-up was performed at 2, 4 and 10 months post surgery, then annually until 5 years post surgery without signs of recurrence. According to publications regarding the MO in children, it is pointed out that this should be considered a unique pathology due to its clinical characteristics different from those of the adult and the report of low recurrence rate with conservative surgical treatments. Whereas the literature regarding pediatric OM is not abundant. The fact that background information is provided regarding a rare location and a conservative treatment without relapse of the MO in a 3-year-old patient and with 5 years of follow-up, allows to deliver a hope of non-aggressive surgeries in future pediatric patients under 4 years old with OM.

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          The World Health Organization Classification of Odontogenic Lesions: A Summary of the Changes of the 2017 (4th) Edition.

          The 4 th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Head and Neck Tumors was published in January 2017. The edition serves to provide an updated classification scheme, and extended genetic and molecular data that are useful as diagnostic tools for the lesions of the head and neck region. This review focuses on the most current update of odontogenic cysts and tumors based on the 2017 WHO edition. The updated classification has some important differences from the 3 rd edition (2005), including a new classification of odontogenic cysts, 'reclassified' odontogenic tumors, and some new entities.
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            Odontogenic myxoma: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in paediatric and adult patients--a case series and review of the literature.

            Odontogenic myxomas are benign but locally invasive tumours originating from primordial mesenchymal tooth forming tissues which do not metastasise. We present a series of two paediatric and two adult cases and focus on differences in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches between children and adults based on our own experience and a critical review of the literature.
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              Clinicopathologic analysis of 14 cases of odontogenic myxoma and review of the literature

              Background Odontogenic myxoma is a rare benign neoplasm that originates from odontogenic ectomesenchyme. There is no standard of care and recurrences are frequent after conservative surgical procedures. Material and Methods A retrospective study conducted at a single cancer center, with analysis of medical records of all patients diagnosed with odontogenic myxoma from 1980 to 2010, along with a literature review. Results There were 14 patients with diagnosis of odontogenic myxoma (OM). Most patients were female (78.6%) and Caucasian (100%), with ages ranging from 7 to 51 years (21.6 ± 11.6 years). The time period between the first symptom and first consultation ranged from 0 to 60 months (19.4 ± 19.97 months). The most frequent complaints were increased local volume or failure to tooth eruption. The most common tumor site was the mandible (11 cases, 78.5%). About radiological findings, most lesions were multilocular (9 cases, 64.3%) and with imprecise limits (12 cases, 85.7%). Surgery was performed in all cases and curettage was the most applied technique (10 cases, 71.4%). Three patients underwent mandibulectomy and complex reconstructions including iliac crest microvascular flap. Three patients had postoperative complications and 4 had local recurrences of the tumor. The follow up time ranged from 12 to 216 months (112 ± 70.8 months). All patients are without clinical and radiographic evidence of disease. Conclusions OM is a locally aggressive and rare tumor. There is no gold standard surgical management and the therapeutic decision should be individualized taking into account the characteristics and extension of the tumor. Key words:Mandible, myxoma, odontogenic, odontogenic tumor.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                maxi
                Revista Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial
                Rev Esp Cirug Oral y Maxilofac
                Sociedad Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial y de Cabeza y Cuello (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1130-0558
                2173-9161
                June 2021
                : 43
                : 2
                : 76-80
                Affiliations
                [2] Rancagua orgnameHospital Regional de Rancagua orgdiv1Departamento de Cirugía Oral y Máxilo-Facial Chile
                [1] Santiago orgnameClínica Red Salud Vitacura orgdiv1Departamento de Cirugía Oral y Máxilo-Facial Chile
                Article
                S1130-05582021000200076 S1130-0558(21)04300200076
                10.20986/recom.2021.1111/2019
                c626a38e-ef9b-4eb1-963d-5ee973bd280a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 31 May 2021
                : 19 December 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 11, Pages: 5
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Casos Clínicos

                paciente pediátrico,conservative surgical treatment,pediatric patient,jaw myxoma,Myxoma,tratamiento quirúrgico conservador,mixoma mandibular,Mixoma

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