The predictive value of attenuated proteinuria at 1 year after steroid therapy for renal survival in patients with IgA nephropathy

Abstract

Background

The relationship between the urinary protein excretion (UPE) initially achieved after steroid therapy and the long-term renal outcome of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) has not been clarified. We investigated the threshold UPE at 1 year after steroid therapy which predicts a favorable renal survival.

Methods

We enrolled 141 IgAN patients who received 6 months of steroid therapy. The endpoint was defined as a 50 % increase in serum creatinine from baseline. The spline model was used to define the threshold UPE predicting renal survival.

Results

Thirteen patients (9.2 %) reached the endpoint at a median follow-up of 3.8 years. When evaluating the relative hazard ratio (HR) of the UPE at 1 year for the endpoint, we found an inflection point at 0.40 g/day on the spline curve. The multivariate Cox model revealed that, in addition to the Disappeared category of UPE (range <0.30 g/day), the Mild category (range 0.30–0.39 g/day) was associated with more reduced risk of the endpoint [HR 0.02, 95 % confidence intervals (CI) 0.00–0.29] relative to the Severe category (range ≥1.00 g/day), whereas the Moderate category (range 0.40–0.99 g/day) was not. The estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m ² was also an independent predictor of the endpoint. When renal survival was adjusted with pathological parameters in the Cox model, UPE <0.40 g/day was still an independent favorable predictor (HR 0.08, 95 % CI 0.01–0.45).

Conclusions

In IgAN patients receiving 6 months of steroid therapy, the achievement of proteinuria <0.4 g/day at 1 year could be a therapeutic indicator for a favorable renal outcome.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10157-012-0744-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.