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      Postmortem Analysis Using Different Sensors and Technologies on Aramid Composites Samples after Ballistic Impact

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          Abstract

          This work focuses on the combination of two complementary non-destructive techniques to analyse the final deformation and internal damage induced in aramid composite plates subjected to ballistic impact. The first analysis device, a 3D scanner, allows digitalising the surface of the tested specimen. Comparing with the initial geometry, the permanent residual deformation (PBFD) can be obtained according to the impact characteristics. This is a significant parameter in armours and shielding design. The second inspection technique is based on computed tomography (CT). It allows analysing the internal state of the impacted sample, being able to detect possible delamination and fibre failure through the specimen thickness. The proposed methodology has been validated with two projectile geometries at different impact velocities, being the reaction force history on the specimen determined with piezoelectric sensors. Different loading states and induced damages were observed according to the projectile type and impact velocity. In order to validate the use of the 3D scanner, a correlation between impact velocity and damage induced in terms of permanent back face deformation has been realised for both projectiles studied. In addition, a comparison of the results obtained through this measurement method and those obtained in similar works, has been performed in the same range of impact energy. The results showed that CT is needed to analyse the internal damage of the aramid sample; however, this is a highly expensive and time-consuming method. The use of 3D scanner and piezoelectric sensors is perfectly complementary with CT and could be relevant to develop numerical models or design armours.

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          Most cited references33

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          X-ray computed microtomography of internal damage in fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites

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            Body armour – New materials, new systems

            Ian Crouch (2019)
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              Layer-wise damage prediction in carbon/Kevlar/S-glass/E-glass fibre reinforced epoxy hybrid composites under low-velocity impact loading using advanced 3D computed tomography

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sensors (Basel)
                Sensors (Basel)
                sensors
                Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                MDPI
                1424-8220
                17 May 2020
                May 2020
                : 20
                : 10
                : 2853
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Carlos III of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain; andiaza@ 123456ing.uc3m.es (A.D.-Á.); alexis.rusinek@ 123456univ-lorraine.fr (A.R.); mhmiguel@ 123456ing.uc3m.es (M.H.M.); mrmillan@ 123456ing.uc3m.es (M.R.-M.)
                [2 ]Laboratory of Microstructure Studies and Mechanics of Materials (LEM3), Lorraine University, 7 rue Félix Savart, BP 15082, 57073 CEDEX 03 Metz, France; richard.bernier@ 123456univ-lorraine.fr
                [3 ]Department of Continuum Mechanics and Structural Analysis, University Carlos III of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain; jloya@ 123456ing.uc3m.es
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: igrubiod@ 123456pa.uc3m.es ; Tel.: +34-916-248-873
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9797-2126
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9081-8425
                Article
                sensors-20-02853
                10.3390/s20102853
                7288334
                32429535
                c6534129-2960-46e6-806a-ef0b27a65998
                © 2020 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 28 February 2020
                : 15 May 2020
                Categories
                Article

                Biomedical engineering
                piezoelectric sensor,ct tomography,3d scanner,damage,composite
                Biomedical engineering
                piezoelectric sensor, ct tomography, 3d scanner, damage, composite

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