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      Determinación de actividades profesionales confiables en una escuela de medicina en Chile Translated title: Determination of entrustable professional activities at a school of medicine in Chile

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          Abstract

          Introducción: La concepción actual de competencia considera que son habilidades complejas que los estudiantes desarrollarán durante su formación, lo que no necesariamente se traduce en una acción laboral concreta y genera incertidumbre en la enseñanza, el aprendizaje y la evaluación. Las actividades profesionales confiables (APROC) se definen como una unidad de práctica profesional que se puede confiar plenamente a un aprendiz, tan pronto como él o ella haya demostrado la competencia necesaria para ejecutar esta actividad con niveles crecientes de autonomía. Objetivo: Determinar las APROC que los médicos generales formados en la Universidad Diego Portales deben ejecutar al finalizar su formación. Sujetos y métodos: Se usó un enfoque cualitativo. La población considerada fueron internos de medicina, tutores clínicos y titulados. Se efectuaron 10 entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes y titulados, y un grupo focal con internos de medicina. Se realizó un análisis comparativo constante hasta determinar las categorías axiales. Resultados: Las APROC resultantes fueron las siguientes: realizar atención clínica, manejar pacientes con urgencias médicas, efectuar acciones clínicas de prevención y promoción, ejecutar procedimientos médicos diagnósticos y terapéuticos necesarios en la atención clínica, y articular los recursos involucrados en la atención del paciente. Conclusiones: Las APROC identificadas muestran diferencias con las descritas internacionalmente para la educación médica de pregrado. El marco de las APROC permitirá dar un sustento mayor a las actividades de evaluación del aprendizaje en la carrera de medicina de la universidad, y disminuir la incertidumbre en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: The current conception of competence considers them as complex skills that students will develop during their training, which does not necessarily translate into a concrete work action, generating uncertainty in teaching, learning and evaluation. Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are defined as a unit of professional practice that can be fully entrusted to an apprentice, as soon as he or she has demonstrated the necessary competence to carry out this activity with increasing levels of autonomy. Aim: To determine the EPAs that general practitioners trained in the Diego Portales University should carry out at the end of their academic training. Subjects and methods: A qualitative approach was used, the population included were medical interns, clinical tutors and alumni. Ten semi-structured interviews with teachers and alumni, and one focus group with medical interns. Comparative-constant analysis was performed until the axial categories were determined. Results: The resulting EPAs were the following: to perform clinical care; to manage patients with medical emergencies; to carry out clinical prevention and promotion actions; to execute the necessary diagnostic and therapeutic medical procedures in clinical care; and to articulate the resources involved in patient care. Conclusion: The herein identified EPAs showed differences with those described internationally for undergraduate medical education. The framework of these EPAs will allow to give a greater support to the activities of evaluation of the learning in the medical career of the university, diminishing the uncertainty in the teaching and learning.

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          Entrustability of professional activities and competency-based training.

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            Toward a common taxonomy of competency domains for the health professions and competencies for physicians.

            Although health professions worldwide are shifting to competency-based education, no common taxonomy for domains of competence and specific competencies currently exists. In this article, the authors describe their work to (1) identify domains of competence that could accommodate any health care profession and (2) extract a common set of competencies for physicians from existing health professions' competency frameworks that would be robust enough to provide a single, relevant infrastructure for curricular resources in the Association of American Medical Colleges' (AAMC's) MedEdPORTAL and Curriculum Inventory and Reports (CIR) sites. The authors used the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)/American Board of Medical Specialties six domains of competence and 36 competencies delineated by the ACGME as their foundational reference list. They added two domains described by other groups after the original six domains were introduced: Interprofessional Collaboration (4 competencies) and Personal and Professional Development (8 competencies). They compared the expanded reference list (48 competencies within eight domains) with 153 competency lists from across the medical education continuum, physician specialties and subspecialties, countries, and health care professions. Comparison analysis led them to add 13 "new" competencies and to conflate 6 competencies into 3 to eliminate redundancy. The AAMC will use the resulting "Reference List of General Physician Competencies" (58 competencies in eight domains) to categorize resources for MedEdPORTAL and CIR. The authors hope that researchers and educators within medicine and other health professions will consider using this reference list when applicable to move toward a common taxonomy of competencies.
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              The case for use of entrustable professional activities in undergraduate medical education.

              Many graduate medical education (GME) programs have started to consider and adopt entrustable professional activities (EPAs) in their competency frameworks. Do EPAs also have a place in undergraduate medical education (UME)? In this Perspective article, the authors discuss arguments in favor of the use of EPAs in UME. A competency framework that aligns UME and GME outcome expectations would allow for better integration across the educational continuum. The EPA approach would be consistent with what is known about progressive skill development. The key principles underlying EPAs, workplace learning and trust, are generalizable and would also be applicable to UME learners. Lastly, EPAs could increase transparency in the workplace regarding student abilities and help ensure safe and quality patient care. The authors also outline what UME EPAs might look like, suggesting core, specialty-specific, and elective EPAs related to core clinical residency entry expectations and learner interest. UME EPAs would be defined as essential health care activities with which one would expect to entrust a resident at the beginning of residency to perform without direct supervision. Finally, the authors recommend a refinement and expansion of the entrustment and supervision scale previously developed for GME to better incorporate the supervision expectations for UME learners. They suggest that EPAs could be operationalized for UME if UME-specific EPAs were developed and the entrustment scale were expanded.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                fem
                FEM: Revista de la Fundación Educación Médica
                FEM (Ed. impresa)
                Fundación Educación Médica y Viguera Editores, S.L. (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                2014-9832
                2014-9840
                2021
                : 24
                : 2
                : 73-76
                Affiliations
                [2] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad Diego Portales orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Escuela de Medicina Chile
                [1] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad Diego Portales orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Oficina de Educación Médica Chile
                Article
                S2014-98322021000200002 S2014-9832(21)02400200002
                c6560783-846d-4c1f-b0b6-139b15598f66

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 August 2020
                : 29 September 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Formación de pregrado,Assessment,Entrustable professional activities,Undergraduate medical education,Actividades profesionales confiables,Evaluación del aprendizaje

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