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      The effect of anchors and social information on behaviour

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          Abstract

          We use a ‘multi-player dictator game’ (MDG), with ‘social information’ about the monetary transfer made by a previous dictator to a recipient, to examine whether average contributions as well as the behavioural strategy adopted are affected by the first amount presented (the ‘anchor’) using a sequential strategy elicitation method. We find that average contributions are positively affected by the anchor. The anchor is also found to influence the behavioural strategy that individuals adopt, such that low anchors significantly increase the likelihood that players will adopt unconditional self-interested strategies, whereas high anchors increase the likelihood of adopting giving strategies. The distribution of strategies–and hence, the distribution of behavioural ‘types’—is therefore affected by the initial conditions of play, lending support to the notion that behavioural strategies are context dependent.

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          A Theory of Conformity

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            Altruism in Anonymous Dictator Games

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              A literature review of the anchoring effect

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: MethodologyRole: SoftwareRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                14 April 2020
                2020
                : 15
                : 4
                : e0231203
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Economics, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
                [2 ] Center for Research on Environmental Decisions, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
                FAME|GRAPE, POLAND
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-1872
                Article
                PONE-D-19-24674
                10.1371/journal.pone.0231203
                7156041
                32287302
                c6597dbf-445d-4d18-b3b1-61acc1312bfe
                © 2020 O’Garra, Sisco

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 2 September 2019
                : 18 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 5, Pages: 19
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005695, Earth Institute, Columbia University;
                Award ID: Postdoctoral Fellowship Research Funding
                Award Recipient :
                The author(s) received no specific funding for this work. It was funded through the first author’s personal research funds by the Earth Institute Postdoctoral Fellowship programme at Columbia University.
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