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      Ambient Cured Fly Ash Geopolymer Coatings for Concrete

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          Abstract

          The reinforced concrete structures that support transport, energy and urban networks in developed countries are over half a century old, and are facing widespread deterioration. Geopolymers are an affordable class of materials that have promising applications in concrete structure coating, rehabilitation and sensing, due to their high chloride, sulphate, fire and freeze-thaw resistances and electrolytic conductivity. Work to date has, however, mainly focused on geopolymers that require curing at elevated temperatures, and this limits their ease of use in the field, particularly in cooler climates. Here, we outline a design process for fabricating ambient-cured fly ash geopolymer coatings for concrete substrates. Our technique is distinct from previous work as it requires no additional manufacturing steps or additives, both of which can bear significant costs. Our coatings were tested at varying humidities, and the impacts of mixing and application methods on coating integrity were compared using a combination of calorimetry, x-ray diffraction and image-processing techniques. This work could allow geopolymer coatings to become a more ubiquitous technique for updating ageing concrete infrastructure so that it can meet modern expectations of safety, and shifting requirements due to climate change.

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          Most cited references102

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          Geopolymers: Inorganic polymeric new materials

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            Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-e) emissions: A comparison between geopolymer and OPC cement concrete

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              Effect of GGBFS on setting, workability and early strength properties of fly ash geopolymer concrete cured in ambient condition

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Materials (Basel)
                Materials (Basel)
                materials
                Materials
                MDPI
                1996-1944
                20 March 2019
                March 2019
                : 12
                : 6
                : 923
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK; m.perry@ 123456strath.ac.uk (M.P.); christos.vlachakis@ 123456strath.ac.uk (C.V.); andrea.hamilton@ 123456strath.ac.uk (A.H.); jack.mcalorum@ 123456strath.ac.uk (J.M.)
                [2 ]Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada; zitian.wu@ 123456mail.utoronto.ca
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5239-7191
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9173-8198
                Article
                materials-12-00923
                10.3390/ma12060923
                6471181
                30897731
                c6741603-10db-42a8-ac2a-ae1297c81708
                © 2019 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 28 January 2019
                : 12 March 2019
                Categories
                Article

                concrete repair,geopolymers,alkali-activated materials,coating thickness,ambient curing,shrinkage,efflorescence,cracking,water transport

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