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      Biodiversidad de Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) en México Translated title: Biodiversity of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) in Mexico

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          Abstract

          Los ichneumónidos integran la familia con mayor diversidad de especies en el orden Hymenoptera y una de las más diversas en la clase Insecta. Para México se registran 1 291 especies (5.3% del total mundial) de 300 géneros y 28 subfamilias, con 43 géneros por identificar sus especies, para un total de 343 géneros. Se estiman entre 3 215 y 4 544 especies para el país, considerando la necesidad de más estudios en las regiones norte, centro, occidente y sureste. El 59% (760) de las especies son neotropicales, el 29% (371) son neotropicales y neárticas, el 10% (127) son neárticas y el 2% restante (33) tiene otra distribución. De momento, 45% (580) de las especies se consideran endémicas, situación que se debe a la descripción reciente de muchas especies nuevas y a la falta de más estudios en Centroamérica (excepto Costa Rica).

          Translated abstract

          Ichneumonids form the family with more diversity of species in the Order Hymenoptera and one of the more diverse families in the Class Insecta. For Mexico, 1 291 species (5.3% of the world's total) from 300 genera and 28 subfamilies are recorded; from 43 genera the species have not been identifies, for a total of 343 genera. Between 3 215 and 4 534 species are estimated for the country, considering the necessity of consistent studies in the north, central, western and southeastern regions. Fifty nine percent (760) of the species are Neotropical, 29% (371) are Neotropical and Nearctic, 10% (127) are Nearctic, and the remaining 2% (33) have other affinities. At the moment, 45% (580) of the species are considered endemics but this is because of the recent description of many new species and the necessity of more studies in Central America (except Costa Rica).

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          Parasitoids: Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology

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            Unprecedented ichneumonid parasitoid wasp diversity in tropical forests.

            The megadiverse parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) is classically considered an exception to the extensively studied latitudinal diversity gradient: the majority of ichneumonid species are described from temperate regions. The gradient has been hypothesized to be dependent on the biology of the wasps, but recently questions of sampling and description biases have been raised. Here, we show with primary data that the species richness of Ichneumonidae is markedly underestimated in tropical areas and that latitudinal diversity patterns in the family remain uncharacterized. We discovered a startling 177 likely undescribed orthocentrine species with relatively low sampling effort in the forests of Central America and Amazonian Ecuador, over three times the previously known orthocentrine diversity in the world's tropics. Species accumulation curves reveal that we are just beginning to unveil the true extent of tropical orthocentrine diversity. We also found evidence for cryptic species; our DNA analysis revealed additional species not easily distinguishable using morphological characteristics. The difficulty in establishing species richness patterns of Ichneumonidae probably follows from the relative lack of taxonomic expertise and the low density of ichneumonid species throughout the landscape.
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              Parasitoids behavior and evolutionary ecology

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rmbiodiv
                Revista mexicana de biodiversidad
                Rev. Mex. Biodiv.
                Instituto de Biología (México )
                2007-8706
                January 2014
                : 85
                : suppl ene
                : S385-S391
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas México
                [2 ] Academia de Ciencias de Rusia Rusia
                [3 ] Universidad de Alicante España
                Article
                S1870-34532014000200046
                10.7550/rmb.32448
                c67e2008-807e-4516-bd2a-588cf3c8deb4

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Categories
                Biodiversity Conservation

                Animal science & Zoology
                Ichneumonoidea,parasitoids,Mexican Republic,parasitoides,República Mexicana

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