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      Evidencia del manejo de miopatías asociadas a estatina con coenzima Q10 Translated title: Evidence for the management of myopathies associated with statin with coenzyme Q10

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: La incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares fatales es muy elevada y el tratamiento con estatinas es vital para reducir este riesgo en muchos pacientes, sin embargo, sus efectos adversos sobre el músculo esquelético dificultan la adherencia o la continuación del mismo. Se ha propuesto la suplementación de coenzima Q10 para revertir mialgias asociadas a el empleo de estatinas. Los ensayos clínicos que se realizaron en los últimos 10 años obtuvieron resultados contrapuestos. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar la evidencia sobre la eficacia del empleo de suplementos de coenzima Q10 en para mitigar las miopatías causadas por las estatinas. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura publicada hasta Julio de 2020. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron MEDLINE y SCOPUS. También se consultaron instituciones como la Agencia Española del Medicamento y Productos Sanitarios (AEMPS), la European Medicines Agency (EMA) y la Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Resultados: La etiología de las mialgias asociadas a estatinas sigue siendo desconocida y la evidencia encontrada en los ensayos clínicos y metaanalisis obtuvieron conclusiones dispares. La European Medicine Agency (EMA) solo considera el empleo de suplementos en síndrome de deficiencia primaria de coenzima Q10, mientras en Reino Unido el National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) y el National Institute of Health (NIH) no recomiendan el empleo de estos suplementos para tratar mialgias asociadas al empleo de estatinas. Conclusiones: El conjunto de los estudios analizados no consiguió una evidencia unánime para poder recomendar este empleo de suplementos de coenzima Q10 de modo confiable. Se necesitan estudios mejor diseñados que aporten reproducibilidad y robustez a futuros ensayos clínicos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: The incidence of fatal cardiovascular events is very high and statin treatment is vital to reduce this risk in many patients, however, its adverse effects on skeletal muscle make it difficult to adhere or continue it. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation has been proposed to reverse myalgia associated with the use of statins. The clinical trials carried out in the last 10 years obtained conflicting results. The aim of the present work is to review the evidence on the efficacy of the use of coenzyme Q10 supplements in mitigating myopathies caused by statins. Methodology: A systematic review of the published literature until July 2020 was undertaken. The searched databases were MEDLINE and SCOPUS. Institutions such as the Agencia Española del Medicamento y productos Sanitarios (AEMPS), European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Food and Drug Administration were also consulted. Results: The etiology of statin-associated myalgias remains unknown, and the evidence found in clinical trials and meta-analysis drew disparate conclusions. The European Medicine Agency (EMA) only considers the use of supplements in primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency syndrome, while in the United Kingdom the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the National Institute of Health (NIH) do not recommend the use of these supplements to treat myalgias associated with the use of statins. Conclusions: The set of studies analyzed did not obtain unanimous evidence to be able to reliably recommend this use of coenzyme Q10 supplements. Better designed studies that provide reproducibility and robustness to future clinical trials are needed.

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          Statin-associated muscle symptoms: impact on statin therapy—European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel Statement on Assessment, Aetiology and Management

          Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) are one of the principal reasons for statin non-adherence and/or discontinuation, contributing to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) Consensus Panel overviews current understanding of the pathophysiology of statin-associated myopathy, and provides guidance for diagnosis and management of SAMS. Statin-associated myopathy, with significant elevation of serum creatine kinase (CK), is a rare but serious side effect of statins, affecting 1 per 1000 to 1 per 10 000 people on standard statin doses. Statin-associated muscle symptoms cover a broader range of clinical presentations, usually with normal or minimally elevated CK levels, with a prevalence of 7–29% in registries and observational studies. Preclinical studies show that statins decrease mitochondrial function, attenuate energy production, and alter muscle protein degradation, thereby providing a potential link between statins and muscle symptoms; controlled mechanistic and genetic studies in humans are necessary to further understanding. The Panel proposes to identify SAMS by symptoms typical of statin myalgia (i.e. muscle pain or aching) and their temporal association with discontinuation and response to repetitive statin re-challenge. In people with SAMS, the Panel recommends the use of a maximally tolerated statin dose combined with non-statin lipid-lowering therapies to attain recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets. The Panel recommends a structured work-up to identify individuals with clinically relevant SAMS generally to at least three different statins, so that they can be offered therapeutic regimens to satisfactorily address their cardiovascular risk. Further research into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms may offer future therapeutic potential.
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            Statin-Associated Side Effects.

            Hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors or statins are well tolerated, but associated with various statin-associated symptoms (SAS), including statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS), diabetes mellitus (DM), and central nervous system complaints. These are "statin-associated symptoms" because they are rare in clinical trials, making their causative relationship to statins unclear. SAS are, nevertheless, important because they prompt dose reduction or discontinuation of these life-saving mediations. SAMS is the most frequent SAS, and mild myalgia may affect 5% to 10% of statin users. Clinically important muscle symptoms, including rhabdomyolysis and statin-induced necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (SINAM), are rare. Antibodies against HMG-CoA reductase apparently provoke SINAM. Good evidence links statins to DM, but evidence linking statins to other SAS is largely anecdotal. Management of SAS requires making the possible diagnosis, altering or discontinuing the statin treatment, and using alternative lipid-lowering therapy.
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              The clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guideline for SLCO1B1 and simvastatin-induced myopathy: 2014 update.

              Simvastatin is among the most commonly used prescription medications for cholesterol reduction. A single coding single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs4149056T>C, in SLCO1B1 increases systemic exposure to simvastatin and the risk of muscle toxicity. We summarize evidence from the literature supporting this association and provide therapeutic recommendations for simvastatin based on SLCO1B1 genotype. This article is an update to the 2012 Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guideline for SLCO1B1 and simvastatin-induced myopathy.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ars
                Ars Pharmaceutica (Internet)
                Ars Pharm
                Universidad de Granada (Granada, Granada, Spain )
                2340-9894
                March 2022
                : 63
                : 1
                : 78-91
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameInstitución Penitenciaria de Melilla España
                Article
                S2340-98942022000100078 S2340-9894(22)06300100078
                10.30827/ars.v63i1.21930
                c687b28f-53b6-47c3-a831-4548233b50eb

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 31 July 2021
                : 23 November 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 46, Pages: 14
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos de Revisión

                coenzima Q10,inhibidores de la HMG-CoA reductasa,síntomas musculares asociados a estatina,coenzyme Q10,HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors,statin associated muscle symptoms

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