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      Macrofauna Edáfica e Atributos Físicos e Químicos em Sistemas de Uso do Solo no Planalto Catarinense Translated title: Soil Macrofauna and Physical and Chemical Properties under Soil Management Systems in the Santa Catarina Highlands, Brazil

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          Abstract

          RESUMO O uso do solo pode alterar processos como decomposição da matéria orgânica, ciclagem de nutrientes e agregação das partículas e, com isso, influenciar a ocorrência da macrofauna. Objetivou-se com este estudo relacionar os sistemas de uso do solo e os efeitos deles sobre a distribuição de grupos da macrofauna do solo, bem como a relação desses com os atributos físicos e químicos do solo. Os sistemas de uso do solo avaliados foram: floresta nativa, reflorestamento de eucalipto, pastagem, integração lavoura-pecuária e lavoura com sistema plantio direto. As amostras foram coletadas em uma grade de amostragem de 3 × 3, totalizando nove pontos, distanciados entre si em 30 m, no inverno e verão, em três municípios do Planalto Sul-catarinense, considerados réplicas verdadeiras. As avaliações foram de atributos físicos e químicos do solo e da abundância e diversidade da macrofauna, coletada pelo método Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF). Os organismos do solo são pertencentes a 16 grupos taxonômicos, com 4.702 indivíduos m-2 no inverno e 7.438 indivíduos m-2 no verão. Houve interação entre época e sistemas de uso do solo, com flutuação populacional dos organismos dependente do uso e com relação aos atributos físicos e químicos do solo, evidenciada pela análise de redundância, que apresentou alta correlação entre variáveis ambientais e fauna do solo. As mudanças na composição da macrofauna do solo foram observadas nos seus sistemas de uso, que tiveram maior intervenção antrópica. Floresta nativa, reflorestamento de eucalipto e pastagem são mais estáveis em termos de biodiversidade da macrofauna do solo, quando comparados com áreas agrícolas com plantio direto e integração lavoura-pecuária.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Soil use can change processes such as soil organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and particle aggregation, which, in turn, influence the occurrence of macrofauna. The objective of this study was to relate land use systems to their effects on the distribution of soil macrofauna groups, as well as their relation to soil physical and chemical properties. The land use systems evaluated were native forest, an Eucalyptus plantation, pasture, a crop-livestock integration area, and a no-tillage crop area. Samples were collected from a 3 x 3 grid with a total of nine points at a distance of 30 m from each other, in winter and summer, in three municipalities in the southern Santa Catarina highlands, Brazil, considered as true replications. Soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed and the abundance and diversity of macrofauna were evaluated by the TSBF (Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility) method. Soil organisms belonging to 16 taxonomic groups were distinguished, with 4,702 individuals m-2in the winter and 7,438 individuals m-2 in the summer. There was an interaction effect between the season and land use system, with fluctuation in the soil organism population dependent on land use and related to soil physical and chemical properties, demonstrated by redundancy analysis, which showed high correlation between environmental variables and soil fauna. Changes in the composition of soil macrofauna were observed in land use systems with more human impact. Native forest, eucalyptus plantation, and pasture were more stable in terms of biodiversity of soil macrofauna compared to agricultural areas under no-tillage and crop-livestock integration.

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            Manual de métodos de análises de solo

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              A meta-analysis of responses of soil biota to global change.

              Global environmental changes are expected to impact the abundance of plants and animals aboveground, but comparably little is known about the responses of belowground organisms. Using meta-analysis, we synthesized results from over 75 manipulative experiments in order to test for patterns in the effects of elevated CO(2), warming, and altered precipitation on the abundance of soil biota related to taxonomy, body size, feeding habits, ecosystem type, local climate, treatment magnitude and duration, and greenhouse CO(2) enrichment. We found that the positive effect size of elevated CO(2) on the abundance of soil biota diminished with time, whereas the negative effect size of warming and positive effect size of precipitation intensified with time. Trophic group, body size, and experimental approaches best explained the responses of soil biota to elevated CO(2), whereas local climate and ecosystem type best explained responses to warming and altered precipitation. The abundance of microflora and microfauna, and particularly detritivores, increased with elevated CO(2), indicative of microbial C limitation under ambient CO(2). However, the effects of CO(2) were smaller in field studies than in greenhouse studies and were not significant for higher trophic levels. Effects of warming did not depend on taxon or body size, but reduced abundances were more likely to occur at the colder and drier sites. Precipitation limited all taxa and trophic groups, particularly in forest ecosystems. Our meta-analysis suggests that the responses of soil biota to global change are predictable and unique for each global change factor.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbcs
                Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
                Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo
                Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo (Viçosa )
                1806-9657
                December 2015
                : 39
                : 6
                : 1544-1553
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Positivo Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade de Coimbra Portugal
                [4 ] Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina Brazil
                Article
                S0100-06832015000601544
                10.1590/01000683rbcs20150033
                c6a03fff-add4-4eec-8d80-c15888cc4ecc

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-0683&lng=en
                Categories
                SOIL SCIENCE

                Soil
                soil fauna,soil management,edaphic biodiversity,fauna do solo,manejo do solo,biodiversidade edáfica

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