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      PECAM-1: regulator of endothelial junctional integrity.

      1 ,
      Cell and tissue research

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          Abstract

          PECAM-1 (also known as CD31) is a cellular adhesion and signaling receptor comprising six extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like homology domains, a short transmembrane domain and a 118 amino acid cytoplasmic domain that becomes serine and tyrosine phosphorylated upon cellular activation. PECAM-1 expression is restricted to blood and vascular cells. In circulating platelets and leukocytes, PECAM-1 functions largely as an inhibitory receptor that, via regulated sequential phosphorylation of its cytoplasmic domain, limits cellular activation responses. PECAM-1 is also highly expressed at endothelial cell intercellular junctions, where it functions as a mechanosensor, as a regulator of leukocyte trafficking and in the maintenance of endothelial cell junctional integrity. In this review, we will describe (1) the functional domains of PECAM-1 and how they contribute to its barrier-enhancing properties, (2) how the physical properties of PECAM-1 influence its subcellular localization and its ability to influence endothelial cell barrier function, (3) various stimuli that initiate PECAM-1 signaling and/or function at the endothelial junction and (4) cross-talk of PECAM-1 with other junctional molecules, which can influence endothelial cell function.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Cell Tissue Res.
          Cell and tissue research
          1432-0878
          0302-766X
          Mar 2014
          : 355
          : 3
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, P.O. Box 2178, 638N. 18th Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA.
          Article
          NIHMS557193
          10.1007/s00441-013-1779-3
          3975704
          24435645
          c6a0aea5-f990-4e67-9c2f-fbe78dd61dfc
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