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      Sclerotization-Inspired Aminoquinone Cross-Linking of Thermally Insulating and Moisture-Resilient Biobased Foams

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          Abstract

          Thermally insulating foams and aerogels based on cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are promising alternatives to fossil-based thermal insulation materials. We demonstrate a scalable route for moisture-resilient lightweight foams that relies on sclerotization-inspired Michael-type cross-linking of amine-modified CNFs by oxidized tannic acid. The solvent-exchanged, ice-templated, and quinone-tanned cross-linked anisotropic structures were mechanically stable and could withstand evaporative drying with minimal structural change. The low-density (7.7 kg m –3) cross-linked anisotropic foams were moisture-resilient and displayed a compressive modulus of 90 kPa at 98% relative humidity (RH) and thermal conductivity values close to that of air between 20 and 80% RH at room temperature. Sclerotization-inspired cross-linking of biobased foams offers an energy-efficient and scalable route to produce sustainable and moisture-resilient lightweight materials.

          Abstract

          Moisture-stable and thermally insulating biobased foams were produced using nature-inspired, cross-linking, and energy-efficient evaporative drying.

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          Most cited references59

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          Thermally insulating and fire-retardant lightweight anisotropic foams based on nanocellulose and graphene oxide.

          High-performance thermally insulating materials from renewable resources are needed to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. Traditional fossil-fuel-derived insulation materials such as expanded polystyrene and polyurethane have thermal conductivities that are too high for retrofitting or for building new, surface-efficient passive houses. Tailored materials such as aerogels and vacuum insulating panels are fragile and susceptible to perforation. Here, we show that freeze-casting suspensions of cellulose nanofibres, graphene oxide and sepiolite nanorods produces super-insulating, fire-retardant and strong anisotropic foams that perform better than traditional polymer-based insulating materials. The foams are ultralight, show excellent combustion resistance and exhibit a thermal conductivity of 15 mW m(-1) K(-1), which is about half that of expanded polystyrene. At 30 °C and 85% relative humidity, the foams retained more than half of their initial strength. Our results show that nanoscale engineering is a promising strategy for producing foams with excellent properties using cellulose and other renewable nanosized fibrous materials.
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            Review of Hydrogels and Aerogels Containing Nanocellulose

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              Aerogels—Airy Materials: Chemistry, Structure, and Properties

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ACS Sustain Chem Eng
                ACS Sustain Chem Eng
                sc
                ascecg
                ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
                American Chemical Society
                2168-0485
                13 November 2020
                30 November 2020
                : 8
                : 47
                : 17408-17416
                Affiliations
                Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
                Author notes
                Article
                10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c05601
                7737238
                c6ae9b79-f3e2-40a5-945d-c58d29a583a5
                © 2020 American Chemical Society

                This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited.

                History
                : 31 July 2020
                : 29 September 2020
                Categories
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                sc0c05601
                sc0c05601

                cellulose,nanofibrils,tannin,drying,ice-templating,foam,aerogel,quinone tanning

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