Effect of Biochemical Changes on Female Infertility, Especially “Leptin and Adiponectin” in Eastern Uttar Pradesh

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ABSTRACT

Background

Infertility is one of women's most serious clinical problems during their reproductive lives. However, a high body mass index (BMI) and obesity are linked with unhealthy eating patterns and a sedentary lifestyle and have contributed to infertility. Obesity, on the other hand, has been linked to a high rate of infertility over the last 10 years. Additionally, low levels of sex hormones follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone play a significant role in causing infertility, which has a significant impact on the reproductive system. Adipokines are produced by adipose tissue, and adipocytes, including adiponectin and leptin, affect the reproductive organs. Therefore, to comprehend infertility more deeply, it is crucial to assess adipokines and sex hormones. So, the current study involved evaluating the effectiveness and level of adiponectin and leptin in infertility and fertile women of the same reproductive age, along with other hormones like insulin, insulin resistance, FSH, LH, testosterone, and prolactin.

Materials and methods

This study took 56 fertile women to act as a control in their reproductive years as controls and 100 women who have experienced infertility. Cases considerably outperformed controls regarding —BMI, waist-to-hip (W/H) ratio, insulin, and insulin resistance.

Results

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LH, prolactin, and testosterone levels in cases were higher than in controls. But though adiponectin levels were lower in patients than in controls, leptin levels were higher.

Conclusion

Given that adipokines are regulated by sex hormones, they likely contribute to infertility.

How to cite this article

Rawat V, Devi R, Bajpai A, et al. Effect of Biochemical Changes on Female Infertility, Especially “Leptin and Adiponectin” in Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2023;14(2):80-84.

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Most cited references 31

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A Novel Serum Protein Similar to C1q, Produced Exclusively in Adipocytes

Harvey Lodish, Giulia Baldini, Michael Fogliano … (1995)

We describe a novel 30-kDa secretory protein, Acrp30 (adipocyte complement-related protein of 30 kDa), that is made exclusively in adipocytes and whose mRNA is induced over 100-fold during adipocyte differentiation. Acrp30 is structurally similar to complement factor C1q and to a hibernation-specific protein isolated from the plasma of Siberian chipmunks; it forms large homo-oligomers that undergo a series of post-translational modifications. Like adipsin, secretion of Acrp30 is enhanced by insulin, and Acrp30 is an abundant serum protein. Acrp30 may be a factor that participates in the delicately balanced system of energy homeostasis involving food intake and carbohydrate and lipid catabolism. Our experiments also further corroborate the existence of an insulin-regulated secretory pathway in adipocytes.

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The International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Revised Glossary on ART Terminology, 2009.

F Zegers-Hochschild, G.D. Adamson, J de Mouzon … (2009)

Many definitions used in medically assisted reproduction (MAR) vary in different settings, making it difficult to standardize and compare procedures in different countries and regions. With the expansion of infertility interventions worldwide, including lower resource settings, the importance and value of a common nomenclature is critical. The objective is to develop an internationally accepted and continually updated set of definitions, which would be utilized to standardize and harmonize international data collection, and to assist in monitoring the availability, efficacy, and safety of assisted reproductive technology (ART) being practiced worldwide. Seventy-two clinicians, basic scientists, epidemiologists and social scientists gathered together at the WHO headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland in December, 2008. Several months in advance, three working groups were established which were responsible for terminology in three specific areas: clinical conditions and procedures, laboratory procedures and outcome measures. Each group reviewed the existing ICMART glossary, made recommendations for revisions and introduced new terms to be considered for glossary expansion. A consensus was reached on 87 terms, expanding the original glossary by 34 terms, which included definitions for numerous clinical and laboratory procedures. Special emphasis was placed in describing outcome measures such as cumulative delivery rates and other markers of safety and efficacy in ART. Standardized terminology should assist in analysis of worldwide trends in MAR interventions and in the comparison of ART outcomes across countries and regions. This glossary will contribute to a more standardized communication among professionals responsible for ART practice, as well as those responsible for national, regional and international registries.

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Adipose tissue dysfunction, adipokines, and low-grade chronic inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Poli Spritzer, Sheila Lecke, Fabíola Satler … (2015)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a complex condition that affects women of reproductive age, is characterized by ovulatory dysfunction and androgen excess. Women with PCOS present higher prevalence of obesity, central adiposity, and dyslipidemia, and face increased risk of type 2 diabetes. PCOS is closely linked to functional derangements in adipose tissue. Adipocytes seem to be prone to hypertrophy when exposed to androgen excess, as experienced by women with PCOS, and both adipose tissue hypertrophy and hyperandrogenism are related to insulin resistance. Hypertrophic adipocytes are more susceptible to inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and release of free fatty acids. Disturbed secretion of adipokines may also impact the pathophysiology of PCOS through their influence on metabolism and on sex steroid secretion. Chronic low-grade inflammation in PCOS is also related to hyperandrogenism and to the hypertrophy of adipocytes, causing compression phenomena in the stromal vessels, leading to adipose tissue hypoperfusion and altered secretion of cytokines. Lifestyle changes are the first-line intervention for reducing metabolic risks in PCOS and the addition of an insulin-sensitizing drug might be required. Nevertheless, there is not sufficient evidence in favor of any specific pharmacologic therapies to directly oppose inflammation. Further studies are warranted to identify an adipokine that could serve as an indirect marker of adipocyte production in PCOS, representing a reliable sign of metabolic alteration in this syndrome.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): IJIFM

Title: International Journal of Infertility and Fetal Medicine

Abbreviated Title: IJIFM

Publisher: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers

ISSN (Print): 2229-3817

ISSN (Electronic): 2229-3833

Publication date (Print): May-August 2023

Volume: 14

Issue: 2

Pages: 80-84

Affiliations

[1,2 ]Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India

[3-5 ]Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India

[6 ]School of Engineering and Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India

[7 ]Department of Advanced Centre for Traditional and Genomic Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

Author notes

Vishi Rawat, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, India, e-mail: raawvishi@ 123456gmail.com ;

GP Dubey, Department of Advanced Centre for Traditional and Genomic Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, e-mail: gpdubey13@ 123456gmail.com

Article

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10016-1314

SO-VID: c6d3e172-9f20-4f66-8c1e-12bc817ef098

License:

© The Author(s). 2023 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and non-commercial reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 26 December 2022

Date accepted : 13 March 2023

Date: 12 May 2023

Custom metadata

file-pdf ijifm-14-080.pdf

ScienceOpen disciplines: Obstetrics & Gynecology

Keywords: Testosterone,Adiponectin,Infertility,Folic acid stimulating hormone,Leptin,Obesity,Prolactin

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Obstetrics & Gynecology

Keywords: Testosterone, Adiponectin, Infertility, Folic acid stimulating hormone, Leptin, Obesity, Prolactin

Effect of Biochemical Changes on Female Infertility, Especially “Leptin and Adiponectin” in Eastern Uttar Pradesh

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ABSTRACT

Background

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

How to cite this article

Related collections

Advocacy for Maternal and Women’s Health

Most cited references 31

A Novel Serum Protein Similar to C1q, Produced Exclusively in Adipocytes

The International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Revised Glossary on ART Terminology, 2009.

Adipose tissue dysfunction, adipokines, and low-grade chronic inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Author and article information

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Article

History

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Custom metadata

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