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      Efficient conversion of biomass into lipids by using the simultaneous saccharification and enhanced lipid production process

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          Abstract

          Background

          Microbial lipid production by using lignocellulosic biomass as the feedstock holds a great promise for biodiesel production and biorefinery. This usually involves hydrolysis of biomass into sugar-rich hydrolysates, which are then used by oleaginous microorganisms as the carbon and energy sources to produce lipids. However, the costs of microbial lipids remain prohibitively high for commercialization. More efficient and integrated processes are pivotal for better techno-economics of microbial lipid technology.

          Results

          Here we describe the simultaneous saccharification and enhanced lipid production (SSELP) process that is highly advantageous in terms of converting cellulosic materials into lipids, as it integrates cellulose biomass hydrolysis and lipid biosynthesis. Specifically, Cryptococcus curvatus cells prepared in a nutrient-rich medium were inoculated at high dosage for lipid production in biomass suspension in the presence of hydrolytic enzymes without auxiliary nutrients. When cellulose was loaded at 32.3 g/L, cellulose conversion, cell mass, lipid content and lipid coefficient reached 98.5%, 12.4 g/L, 59.9% and 204 mg/g, respectively. Lipid yields of the SSELP process were higher than those obtained by using the conventional process where cellulose was hydrolyzed separately. When ionic liquid pretreated corn stover was used, both cellulose and hemicellulose were consumed simultaneously. No xylose was accumulated over time, indicating that glucose effect was circumvented. The lipid yield reached 112 mg/g regenerated corn stover. This process could be performed without sterilization because of the absence of auxiliary nutrients for bacterial contamination.

          Conclusions

          The SSELP process facilitates direct conversion of both cellulose and hemicellulose of lignocellulosic materials into microbial lipids. It greatly reduces time and capital costs while improves lipid coefficient. Optimization of the SSELP process at different levels should further improve the efficiency of microbial lipid technology, which in turn, promote the biotechnological production of fatty acid-derived products from lignocellulosic biomass.

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          Most cited references31

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          Measurement of cellulase activities

          T. Ghose (1987)
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            How biotech can transform biofuels.

            For cellulosic ethanol to become a reality, biotechnological solutions should focus on optimizing the conversion of biomass to sugars.
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              Lipids of oleaginous yeasts. Part I: Biochemistry of single cell oil production

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Biotechnol Biofuels
                Biotechnol Biofuels
                Biotechnology for Biofuels
                BioMed Central
                1754-6834
                2013
                5 March 2013
                : 6
                : 36
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, 116023, PR China
                [2 ]Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian, 116023, PR China
                [3 ]University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
                Article
                1754-6834-6-36
                10.1186/1754-6834-6-36
                3602673
                23497564
                c6fa594b-200d-480e-9a47-8d76dda54cf5
                Copyright ©2013 Gong et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 4 December 2012
                : 28 February 2013
                Categories
                Research

                Biotechnology
                biodiesel,corn stover,cryptococcus curvatus,microbial lipids,simultaneous saccharification and enhanced lipid production

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