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      Development and validation of a 6‐item Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (RULS‐6) using Rasch analysis

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          Influences on Loneliness in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis

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            Loneliness predicts reduced physical activity: cross-sectional & longitudinal analyses.

            To determine cross-sectional and prospective associations between loneliness and physical activity, and to evaluate the roles of social control and emotion regulation as mediators of these associations. A population-based sample of 229 White, Black, and Hispanic men and women, age 50 to 68 years at study onset, were tested annually for each of 3 years. Physical activity probability, and changes in physical activity probability over a 3-year period. Replicating and extending prior cross-sectional research, loneliness was associated with a significantly reduced odds of physical activity (OR = 0.65 per SD of loneliness) net of sociodemographic variables (age, gender, ethnicity, education, income), psychosocial variables (depressive symptoms, perceived stress, hostility, social support), and self-rated health. This association was mediated by hedonic emotion regulation, but not by social control as indexed by measures of social network size, marital status, contact with close ties, group membership, or religious group affiliation. Longitudinal analyses revealed that loneliness predicted diminished odds of physical activity in the next two years (OR = 0.61), and greater likelihood of transitioning from physical activity to inactivity (OR = 1.58). Loneliness among middle and older age adults is an independent risk factor for physical inactivity and increases the likelihood that physical activity will be discontinued over time.
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              Older adult loneliness: myths and realities

              The focus in this paper is on the social domain of quality of life, and more particularly loneliness. The empirical literature on older adult loneliness is reviewed, thereby challenging three often-held assumptions that figure prominently in public debates on loneliness. The first assumption that loneliness is a problem specifically for older people finds only partial support. Loneliness is common only among the very old. The second assumption is that people in individualistic societies are most lonely. Contrary to this belief, findings show that older adults in northern European countries tend to be less lonely than those in the more familialistic southern European countries. The scarce data on Central and Eastern Europe suggest a high prevalence of older adult loneliness in those countries. The third assumption that loneliness has increased over the past decades finds no support. Loneliness levels have decreased, albeit slightly. The review notes the persistence of ageist attitudes, and underscores the importance of considering people’s frame of reference and normative orientation in analyses of loneliness.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                British Journal of Health Psychology
                Br J Health Psychol
                Wiley
                1359-107X
                2044-8287
                May 2020
                January 30 2020
                May 2020
                : 25
                : 2
                : 233-256
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Thailand
                [2 ]Jittavej Nakhon Sawan Ratchanakarin Hospital Nakhon Sawan Thailand
                Article
                10.1111/bjhp.12404
                31999891
                c714989d-a8a5-4655-becc-4ecf8b7fc2c0
                © 2020

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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