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      A Copper-Based Metal-Organic Framework as an Efficient and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Ullmann and Goldberg Type C–N Coupling Reactions

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          Abstract

          A highly porous metal-organic framework (Cu-TDPAT), constructed from a paddle-wheel type dinuclear copper cluster and 2,4,6-tris(3,5-dicarboxylphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (H 6TDPAT), has been tested in Ullmann and Goldberg type C–N coupling reactions of a wide range of primary and secondary amines with halobenzenes, affording the corresponding N-arylation compounds in moderate to excellent yields. The Cu-TDPAT catalyst could be easily separated from the reaction mixtures by simple filtration, and could be reused at least five times without any significant degradation in catalytic activity.

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          Metal-organic frameworks: versatile heterogeneous catalysts for efficient catalytic organic transformations.

          Novel catalytic materials are highly demanded to perform a variety of catalytic organic reactions. MOFs combine the benefits of heterogeneous catalysis like easy post reaction separation, catalyst reusability, high stability and homogeneous catalysis such as high efficiency, selectivity, controllability and mild reaction conditions. The possible organization of active centers like metallic nodes, organic linkers, and their chemical synthetic functionalization on the nanoscale shows potential to build up MOFs particularly modified for catalytic challenges. In this review, we have summarized the recent research progress in heterogeneous catalysis by MOFs and their catalytic behavior in various organic reactions, highlighting the key features of MOFs as catalysts based on the active sites in the framework. Examples of their post functionalization, inclusion of active guest species and metal nanoparticles have been discussed. Finally, the use of MOFs as catalysts for asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis and stability of MOFs has been presented as separate sections.
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            Fe-Based MOFs for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction: Role of Coordination Unsaturated Sites and Dual Excitation Pathways

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              Catalytic CC, CN, and CO Ullmann-Type Coupling Reactions

              Copper-catalyzed Ullmann condensations are key reactions for the formation of carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bonds in organic synthesis. These reactions can lead to structural moieties that are prevalent in building blocks of active molecules in the life sciences and in many material precursors. An increasing number of publications have appeared concerning Ullmann-type intermolecular reactions for the coupling of aryl and vinyl halides with N, O, and C nucleophiles, and this Minireview highlights recent and major developments in this topic since 2004.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Molecules
                Molecules
                molecules
                Molecules
                MDPI
                1420-3049
                27 November 2015
                December 2015
                : 20
                : 12
                : 21178-21192
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; longwei007@ 123456163.com (W.L.); gcwhome@ 123456emails.bjut.edu.cn (C.G.); songly@ 123456bjut.edu.cn (L.S.); baiguangmei@ 123456bjut.edu.cn (G.B.); zhangguizhen@ 123456bjut.edu.cn (G.Z.)
                [2 ]Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; lichuanqiang_cn@ 123456163.com
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: qiuwenge@ 123456bjut.edu.cn (W.Q.); hehong@ 123456bjut.edu.cn (H.H.); Tel.: +86-10-157-1117-8438 (W.Q. & H.H.); Fax: +86-10-6739-1983 (W.Q. & H.H.)
                Article
                molecules-20-19756
                10.3390/molecules201219756
                6332410
                26633320
                c7189fe3-8783-4e21-b64d-648cde9b9f92
                © 2015 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 30 October 2015
                : 17 November 2015
                Categories
                Article

                metal-organic frameworks,c–n coupling,heterogeneous catalysis,copper complex

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