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      I Encuesta sobre Condiciones de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo para Ecuador. Principales resultados en la ciudad de Quito, 2016 Translated title: I Survey on Safety and Health Conditions at the Workplace in Ecuador. Main Results in Quito, 2016

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: Describir las condiciones de trabajo y el estado de salud de la población trabajadora afiliada a la seguridad social de la ciudad de Quito, Ecuador. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo basado en los resultados de la Primera Encuesta sobre Condiciones de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (I-ECSST). Se entrevistó entre abril y junio de 2016 a 741 personas en su domicilio. El diseño muestral fue probabilístico, bietápico y estratificado por las 32 parroquias urbanas de la ciudad de Quito. Resultados: Un porcentaje considerable de los trabajadores estaba expuesto a factores de riesgos ergonómicos. En particular, el 60% de los trabajadores encuestados manifestó realizar movimientos repetitivos en su actividad laboral. Se observó una alta prevalencia de dolores o molestias de espalda (50%), cabeza (40%) y miembros superiores (26%). El 13% de los trabajadores declaró haber sufrido un accidente de trabajo en el último año. Conclusiones: La I-ECSST revela multitud de factores de riesgos laboral presentes en los lugares de trabajo que pueden estar ocasionando daños a la salud de la población trabajadora. Estos resultados podrían servir para guiar a las políticas públicas orientadas a mejorar la salud de la población trabajadora.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective: To describe working conditions and health problems at the working-age population in the Ecuadorian social security system of Quito. Materials and methods: Descriptive study based on the results of the First Survey on Safety and Health at Work (I-ECSST, by its Spanish acronym). 741 people were interviewed at home between April and June 2016. The sampling design was probabilistic, multistage and stratified by 32 urban parishes. Results: A considerable proportion of workers were exposed to ergonomic risk factors. In particular, 60% of surveyed workers evidenced repetitive movements throughout their work activity. A high prevalence of pains and problems were evidenced as follows: back (50%), head (40%) and upper limb (26%). 13% of workers reported having suffered a work-related accident in the previous year. Conclusions: The I-ECSST reveals a multitude of occupational risk factors at workplaces that may be causing damage to the health of the working population. These results could be helpful in guiding public policies in order to improve the health of the working population.

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          Associations between temporary employment and occupational injury: what are the mechanisms?

          To determine whether observed higher risks of occupational injury among temporary workers are due to exposure to hazardous working conditions and/or to lack of job experience level. Data systematically recorded for 2000 and 2001 by the Spanish Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs on fatal and non-fatal traumatic occupational injuries were examined by type of employment and type of accident, while adjusting for gender, age, occupation, and length of employment in the company. In the study period there were 1500 fatal and 1 806 532 non-fatal traumatic occupational injuries that occurred at the workplace. Incidence rates and rate ratios (RR) were estimated using Poisson regression models. Temporary workers showed a rate ratio of 2.94 for non-fatal occupational injuries (95% CI 2.40 to 3.61) and 2.54 for fatal occupational injuries (95% CI 1.88 to 3.42). When these associations were adjusted by gender, age, occupation, and especially length of employment, they loose statistic significance: 1.05 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.12) for non-fatal and 1.07 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.26) for fatal. Lower job experience and knowledge of workplace hazards, measured by length of employment, is a possible mechanism to explain the consistent association between temporary workers and occupational injury. The role of working conditions associated with temporary jobs should be assessed more specifically.
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            La precariedad laboral medida de forma multidimensional: distribución social y asociación con la salud en Cataluña

            Objetivo: Mostrar por vez primera la prevalencia de la precariedad laboral medida en forma multidimensional en Cataluña y su asociación con la salud mental y autopercibida. Método: Estudio transversal con datos de la II Encuesta Catalana de Condiciones de Trabajo (2010) con una submuestra de personas asalariadas con contrato. Se calculó la prevalencia de precariedad laboral usando una escala multidimensional, y su asociación con la salud mediante regresiones log-binomiales multivariadas estratificadas por sexo. Resultados: La prevalencia de la precariedad en Cataluña es alta (42,6%). Encontramos mayor precariedad en las mujeres y en los/las trabajadores/as jóvenes, inmigrantes, manuales y con menor educación. Existe un gradiente positivo en la asociación con la mala salud. Conclusiones: La precariedad laboral se asocia con peor salud en la población trabajadora. Deberían incluirse preguntas sobre precariedad e indicadores de salud en las encuestas de condiciones de trabajo para poder realizar una posterior vigilancia y un análisis de las desigualdades en salud.
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              The impact of the economic crisis on occupational injuries.

              The potential influence of the current economic crisis on occupational accident rates and accident severity is studied in an analysis of all workplace accidents that occurred in Spain throughout the period 2000-2009.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                mesetra
                Medicina y Seguridad del Trabajo
                Med. segur. trab.
                Escuela Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0465-546X
                1989-7790
                December 2019
                : 65
                : 257
                : 238-251
                Affiliations
                [1] Samborondón Guayas orgnameUniversidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo Ecuador
                [2] Quito Quito orgnameUniversidad Particular Internacional Sek Ecuador
                [3] Barcelona Cataluña orgnameUniversitat Pompeu Fabra Spain
                Article
                S0465-546X2019000400238 S0465-546X(19)06525700238
                10.4321/S0465-546X2021900400001
                c71a47da-c595-4ad5-bc9a-94247165190c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 December 2019
                : 12 November 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original

                factores socioeconómicos,Epidemiological surveys,working conditions,socioeconomic factors,Ecuador,encuestas epidemiológicas,condiciones de trabajo

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