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      Lipid metabolism in inflammation-related diseases

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          Abstract

          Lipidomics is used to describe the complete lipid profile and network of cellular lipid metabolism. Traditionally, lipids are recognized as general membrane construction and energy storage molecules. Now, lipids are regarded as potent signaling molecules that regulate a multitude of cellular responses.

          Abstract

          There are thousands of lipid species existing in cells, which belong to eight different categories. Lipids are the essential building blocks of cells. Recent studies have started to unveil the important functions of lipids in regulating cell metabolism. However, we are still at a very early stage in fully understanding the physiological and pathological functions of lipids. The application of lipidomics for studying lipid metabolism can provide a direct readout of the cellular status and broadens our understanding of the mechanisms that underpin metabolic disease states. This review provides an introduction to lipid metabolism and its role in modulating homeostasis and immunity. We also describe representative applications of lipidomics for studying lipid metabolism in inflammation-related diseases.

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          Lipid extraction by methyl-tert-butyl ether for high-throughput lipidomics.

          Vitali Matyash, Gerhard Liebisch, Teymuras Kurzchalia … (2008)
          Accurate profiling of lipidomes relies upon the quantitative and unbiased recovery of lipid species from analyzed cells, fluids, or tissues and is usually achieved by two-phase extraction with chloroform. We demonstrated that methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) extraction allows faster and cleaner lipid recovery and is well suited for automated shotgun profiling. Because of MTBE's low density, lipid-containing organic phase forms the upper layer during phase separation, which simplifies its collection and minimizes dripping losses. Nonextractable matrix forms a dense pellet at the bottom of the extraction tube and is easily removed by centrifugation. Rigorous testing demonstrated that the MTBE protocol delivers similar or better recoveries of species of most all major lipid classes compared with the "gold-standard" Folch or Bligh and Dyer recipes.
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            Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in obesity and insulin resistance.

            Peter Sartipy, David Loskutoff (2003)
            This study identifies monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) as an insulin-responsive gene. It also shows that insulin induces substantial expression and secretion of MCP-1 both in vitro in insulin-resistant (IR) 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in vivo in IR obese mice (ob/ob). Thus, MCP-1 resembles other previously described genes (e.g., PAI-1 and SREBP-1c) that remain sensitive to insulin in IR states. The hyperinsulinemia that frequently accompanies obesity and insulin resistance may therefore contribute to the altered expression of these and other genes in insulin target tissues. In vivo studies also demonstrate that MCP-1 is overexpressed in obese mice compared with their lean controls, and that white adipose tissue is a major source of MCP-1. The elevated MCP-1 may alter adipocyte function because addition of MCP-1 to differentiated adipocytes in vitro decreases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and the expression of several adipogenic genes (LpL, adipsin, GLUT-4, aP2, beta3-adrenergic receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma). These results suggest that elevated MCP-1 may induce adipocyte dedifferentiation and contribute to pathologies associated with hyperinsulinemia and obesity, including type II diabetes.
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              Disordered lipid metabolism and the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.

              David B. Savage, Kitt Falk Petersen, Gerald I. Shulman (2007)
              Although abnormal glucose metabolism defines type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and accounts for many of its symptoms and complications, efforts to understand the pathogenesis of T2DM are increasingly focused on disordered lipid metabolism. Here we review recent human studies exploring the mechanistic links between disorders of fatty acid/lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. As "mouse models of insulin resistance" were comprehensively reviewed in Physiological Reviews by Nandi et al. in 2004, we will concentrate on human studies involving the use of isotopes and/or magnetic resonance spectroscopy, occasionally drawing on mouse models which provide additional mechanistic insight.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ANALAO
                Title: The Analyst
                Abbreviated Title: Analyst
                Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                ISSN (Print): 0003-2654
                ISSN (Electronic): 1364-5528
                Publication date Created: 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 2018
                Volume: 143
                Issue: 19
                Pages: 4526-4536
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism
                [2 ]Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
                [3 ]Fudan University
                [4 ]Shanghai
                [5 ]China
                [6 ]Department of Clinical Laboratory
                [7 ]First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
                [8 ]Nanning 530021
                Article
                DOI: 10.1039/C8AN01046C
                PubMed ID: 30128447
                SO-VID: c71f9de3-e365-4d9f-8110-68d689eb9700
                Copyright © © 2018
                License:

                http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use

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