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      Parasites of ornamental fish commercialized in Macapá, Amapá State (Brazil) Translated title: Parasitos de peixes ornamentais comercializados em Macapá, Estado do Amapá (Brasil)

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          Abstract

          Abstract This study investigated the parasites fauna of four freshwater ornamental fish species in aquarium shops of Macapá, Amapá State, in addition to survey the commercialized fish species and sanitary conditions of aquarium shops. Different native and non-native ornamental fish species were found in aquarium shops, mainly Poecilidae. We examined 30 specimens of Xiphophorus maculatus, 30 Danio rerio, 30 Paracheirodon axelrodi, and 30 Corydoras ephippifer for parasites. Of the 120 fish examined, 22.5% were parasitized by one or more species and a total of 438 parasites were collected and identified. Parasites such as: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Monogenea, undermined Digenea metacercariae, Acanthostomum sp. metacercariae, Camallanus spp., Bothriocephalus acheilognathi and Echinorhynchus sp. infected the hosts examined. Endoparasites in the larval stage showed the greatest diversity and Camallanus spp. was found in all hosts species examined. Paracheirodon axelrodi (43.3%) was the most parasitized host, while C. ephippifer (6.7%) was the least parasitized. Despite the low ectoparasites level, six species of endoparasites was observed, demonstrating that prophylactic and quarantine procedures were not fully adequate. Therefore, failures in prophylactic procedures on any link in the production industry of ornamental fish may cause parasite transmission to ornamental fish captured in different environments and localities.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Este estudo investigou a fauna de parasitos de quatro espécies de peixes ornamentais de água doce comercializadas em lojas de aquários de Macapá, estado do Amapá, bem como as espécies de peixes comercializadas e as condições sanitárias dessas lojas. Diferentes espécies de peixes ornamentais nativos e não nativos foram encontradas em lojas de aquários, principalmente Poecilidae. Foram examinados 30 espécimes de Xiphophorus maculatus, 30 Danio rerio, 30 Paracheirodon axelrodi e 30 Corydoras ephippifer, para análise de parasitos. Dos 120 peixes examinados, 22,5% estavam parasitados por uma ou mais espécies de parasitos. Foram coletados um total de 438 parasitos tais como: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Monogenea, metacercárias de Digenea não identificadas, metacercárias de Acanthostomum sp., Camallanus spp., Bothriocephalus acheilognathi e Echinorhynchus sp. A maior diversidade foi de endoparasitos em estágio larval e Camallanus spp. foi encontrado em todas as espécies de hospedeiros examinados. Paracheirodon axelrodi (43,3%) foi o hospedeiro mais parasitado, enquanto C. ephippifer (6,7%) o menos parasitado. Apesar do baixo ectoparasitismo, foram encontradas seis espécies de endoparasitos, demonstrando que os procedimentos profiláticos e a quarentena não foram adequados. Portanto, falhas nos procedimentos profiláticos em qualquer elo da cadeia produtiva de peixes ornamentais pode causar riscos de transmissão de parasitos para peixes de diferentes ambientes e localidades.

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          Cestodes in South American freshwater teleost fishes: keys to genera and brief description of species

          Keys to genera of cestodes in South American freshwater teleost fishes are provided, with diagnoses of genera and short descriptions of species. Two new genera are proposed, Chambriella gen.n. for Goezeella agostinhoi Pavanelli & Santos, 1992 and G paranaensis Pavanelli & Rego, 1989, and Brooksiella gen.n. for Amphoteromorphus praeputialis Rego, Santos & Silva, 1974. Nomimoscolex magna Rego, Santos & Silva, 1974, previously species inquirenda, is transferred to the genus Proteocephalus Weinland, 1858. Goezeella nupeliensis Pavanelli & Rego, 1989 is considered a species inquirenda. Species and host lists are included.
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            Helminth parasites of South American fishes: current status and characterization as a model for studies of biodiversity.

            The South American subcontinent supports one of the world's most diverse and commercially very important ichthyofauna. In this context, the study of South American fish parasites is of increased relevance in understanding their key roles in ecosystems, regulating the abundance or density of host populations, stabilizing food webs and structuring host communities. It is hard to estimate the number of fish parasites in South America. The number of fish species studied for parasites is still low (less than 10%), although the total number of host-parasite associations (HPAs) found in the present study was 3971. Monogeneans, with 835 species (1123 HPAs, 28.5%), and trematodes, with 662 species (1127 HPAs, 30.9%), are the more diverse groups. Data gathered from the literature are useful to roughly estimate species richness of helminths from South American fish, even though there are some associated problems: the reliability of information depends on accurate species identification; the lack of knowledge about life cycles; the increasing number of discoveries of cryptic species and the geographically biased number of studies. Therefore, the closest true estimations of species diversity and distribution will rely on further studies combining both molecular and morphological approaches with ecological data such as host specificity, geographical distribution and life-cycle data. Research on biodiversity of fish parasites in South America is influenced by problems such as funding, taxonomic impediments and dispersion of research groups. Increasing collaboration, interchange and research networks in the context of globalization will enable a promising future for fish parasitology in South America.
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              Parasitic fauna of eight species of ornamental freshwater fish species from the middle Negro River in the Brazilian Amazon Region

              Twenty-seven specimens of cardinal tetra Paracheirodon axelrodi, 33 rosy tetra Hyphessobrycon copelandi (Characidae), 28 marbled hatchetfish Carnegiella strigata, 26 blackwing hatchetfish Carnegiella martae (Gasteropelecidae), 27 bodó Ancistrus hoplogenys (Loricariidae), 31 brown pencilfish Nannostomus eques, 38 oneline pencilfish Nannostomus unifasciatus (Lebiasinidae) and 13 angelfish Pterophyllum scalare (Cichlidae) were collected from the middle Negro River, State of Amazonas, Brazil, for parasitological studies. Out of the total of 223 fish examined, 143 (64.1%) were parasitized by at least one parasite species. The highest prevalence rate was for Monogenea (36.7%), followed by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora) (20.6%), Trichodina spp. (Ciliophora) (4.0%), Piscinoodinium pillulare (Dinoflagellida) (1.3%), Tetrahymena sp. (Ciliophora) (0.89%), and Procamallanus sp. (Nematoda) (0.4%). All eight fish species had Monogenea (Gyrodactylidae and Dactylogyridae) in the gills, but the highest prevalence occurred in P. scalare and the lowest in P. axelrodi and C. strigata. However, the highest mean intensity of Monogenea was found in P. scalare and A. hoplogenys. The protozoan I. multifiliis occurred in the six ornamental fish species examined, but C. strigata and C. martae had higher prevalence and mean intensity. Trichodina spp. were found only in the gills of C. strigata, C. martae and N. eques, and with higher mean intensity in C. strigata. On the other hand, the protozoan P. pilullare was found only in the gills of C. martae. This is the first report of Tetrahymena sp. in Brazil, and it occurred in the gills of C. strigata.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbpv
                Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária
                Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.
                Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária (Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil )
                0103-846X
                1984-2961
                February 2018
                : 27
                : 1
                : 75-80
                Affiliations
                [01] Macapá Amapá orgnameUniversidade do Estado do Amapá Brazil
                [02] Macapá orgnameEmpresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Brazil
                Article
                S1984-29612018000100075
                10.1590/s1984-29612018002
                c743c611-5489-49df-8090-edfba55dfe64

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 January 2018
                : 18 October 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Cultivo,peixe ornamental,parasitos,sanidade,Culture,ornamental fish,parasites,sanity

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