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      Geografía y salud en América Latina: evolución y tendencias

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          Abstract

          Esfuerzos aislados e inconstantes han caracterizado la articulación secularmente reconocida entre la geografía y la salud humana. En la última década se ha renovado el interés internacional por el estudio de estas relaciones, tanto en el ámbito académico, como en la gerencia del sector salud. El presente trabajo explora la situación latinoamericana, y los avances y limitaciones en diferentes países del área. Trata la evolución de la geografía de la salud, las formas en que el arsenal teórico y metodológico de la geografía ha sido incorporado en el análisis de la distribución de enfermedades, muertes y otros daños, o como soporte para la distribución y organización de acciones para la atención médica, la prevención y la promoción de salud. Se destaca el impacto positivo del empleo progresivo de los análisis espaciales en salud pública, así como la pertinencia de una prudente y cuidadosa evaluación de sus resultados. A partir de reflexiones sobre abordajes geográficos de la salud-enfermedad, vigentes y perspectivos, se elabora un cuadro síntesis que expone líneas y temas prioritarios que se abordan en varios países latinoamericanos -aunque en general, de forma no sistémica

          Translated abstract

          Isolated or inconsistent efforts have characterized the age-old relation of geography and human health. In the last decade, the international interest on the study of this relationship has renewed at both academic and health management levels. The present paper explores the Latin American situation and the advancements and restrictions existing in various countries of the area. It deals with the evolution of health geography, the ways in which the theoretical and methodological arsenal of geography has been incorporated into the analysis of disease, death and other damage distribution or as a support to distribution and organization of actions aimed at medical care, prevention and health promotion. It underlines the positive impact of the progressive use of spatial analyses in public health care as well as the relevance of a careful evaluation of the results. On the basis of reflections on geographic approach to health-disease, in effect and prospective, a summarized chart is worked out that includes priority lines and topics not systematically addressed in various Latin American countries

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          Most cited references90

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          Espaço e Método

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            Geografia da fome

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              Socio-environmental determinants of the leptospirosis outbreak of 1996 in western Rio de Janeiro: a geographical approach.

              The environmental and social context in which a leptospirosis outbreak took place during the summer of 1996 in the Rio de Janeiro Western Region was examined by using spatial analysis of leptospirosis cases merged with population and environmental data in a Geographical Information System (GIS). Important differences were observed between places where residences of leptospirosis cases are concentrated and other places in the region. Water supply coverage, solid waste collection, sewerage system coverage and flood risk area were the main determining variables from an initial list of ten. The influence of these unfavorable social and environmental factors is verified hundreds of meters distant from the leptospirosis case residences, demonstrating a necessity to broaden the area of health surveillance practices. The geocoding indicated that some cases did not report contact with flood water, even though they were geographically adjacent to cases who did report this contact. Cases may only report exposures they believe are related to the disease. Geocoding is a useful tool for evaluating such bias in the exposure recall.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcsp
                Revista Cubana de Salud Pública
                Rev. cub. salud pública
                Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas (La Habana )
                0864-3466
                December 2003
                : 29
                : 4
                : 0
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Centro de Estudios de Salud y Bienestar Humanos
                [2 ] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Brazil
                Article
                S0864-34662003000400007
                c79561cd-48ca-41c8-ad31-6e9d2364183c

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                HEALTH-DISEASE PROCESS,COMMUNICABLE DISEASES,TOPOGRAPHY, MEDICAL,GEOGRAPHY,ENFERMEDADES TRANSMISIBLES,PROMOCION DE LA SALUD,TOPOGRAFIA MEDICA,GEOGRAFIA,PROCESO SALUD-ENFERMEDAD,HEALTH PROMOTION

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