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      Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel in cats against Toxocara cati and Dipylidium caninum Translated title: Efficacité d’une nouvelle association topique d’esafoxolaner, d’éprinomectine et de praziquantel chez le chat contre Toxocara cati et Dipylidium caninum

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          Abstract

          NexGard ® Combo, a novel topical antiparasitic product for cats, combines the insecticide/acaricide esafoxolaner with the nematocide eprinomectin and cestodicide praziquantel. The efficacy of this combination product was evaluated against two common endoparasites of global occurrence in cats, the nematode Toxocara cati and the cestode Dipylidium caninum, in five controlled studies using naturally or experimentally infected cats with parasites of North American, South African or European origin. Cats evaluated in these studies harbored patent infection of the target parasite confirmed through a pre-treatment fecal examination. In each study, cats were allocated randomly to two groups of equal size (8 or 10 cats per group per study), one group treated with a placebo (mineral oil) and the other with NexGard ® Combo. Both treatments were administered once as a spot-on at 0.12 mL per kg body weight to deliver the minimum label dosage (1.44 mg/kg esafoxolaner, 0.48 mg/kg eprinomectin, and 10.0 mg/kg praziquantel) to the NexGard ® Combo-treated cats. To determine efficacy, geometric mean parasite counts seven to 12 days after treatment of placebo-treated (control) cats and NexGard ® Combo-treated cats were compared. The efficacy of NexGard ® Combo was 98.8% and 100% against adult T. cati in two studies; and 98.0%, 98.3% and 93.2% against D. caninum in three studies . No adverse events related to treatment were observed throughout the studies. These studies demonstrate high efficacy against these major feline endoparasites and excellent acceptability of the novel topical antiparasitic combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel.

          Translated abstract

          NexGard ® Combo, un nouveau produit antiparasitaire topique pour chats combine l’insecticide/acaricide esafoxolaner avec le nématocide éprinomectine et le cestodicide praziquantel. L’efficacité de ce produit d’association a été évaluée contre deux endoparasites communs d’occurrence mondiale chez le chat, le nématode Toxocara cati et le cestode Dipylidium caninum, dans cinq études contrôlées utilisant des chats naturellement ou expérimentalement infectés par des parasites d’origine nord-américaine, sud-africaine ou européenne. Les chats évalués dans ces études présentaient une infection patente du parasite cible confirmée par un examen fécal avant le traitement. Dans chaque étude, les chats ont été répartis au hasard en deux groupes de taille égale (8 ou 10 chats par groupe et par étude), un groupe traité avec un placebo (huile minérale) et l’autre avec NexGard ® Combo. Les deux traitements ont été administrés une fois par spot-on à 0,12 mL par kg de poids corporel pour délivrer la dose minimale indiquée sur l’étiquette (1,44 mg/kg d’esafoxolaner, 0,48 mg/kg d’éprinomectine et 10,0 mg/kg de praziquantel) pour les chats du groupe traité par NexGard ® Combo. Pour déterminer l’efficacité, les nombres moyens géométriques de parasites sept à 12 jours après le traitement des chats traités par placebo (témoins) et des chats traités par NexGard ® Combo ont été comparés. L’efficacité de NexGard ® Combo était de 98,8 % et de 100 % contre T. cati adulte dans deux études, et de 98,0 %, 98,3 % et 93,2 % contre D. caninum dans trois études. Aucun événement indésirable lié au traitement n’a été observé tout au long des études. Ces études démontrent la grande efficacité contre ces principaux endoparasites félins et l’excellente acceptabilité de la nouvelle combinaison antiparasitaire topique d’esafoxolaner, d’éprinomectine et de praziquantel.

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          Most cited references39

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          Dogs, cats, parasites, and humans in Brazil: opening the black box

          Dogs and cats in Brazil serve as primary hosts for a considerable number of parasites, which may affect their health and wellbeing. These may include endoparasites (e.g., protozoa, cestodes, trematodes, and nematodes) and ectoparasites (i.e., fleas, lice, mites, and ticks). While some dog and cat parasites are highly host-specific (e.g., Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Felicola subrostratus for cats, and Angiostrongylus vasorum and Trichodectes canis for dogs), others may easily switch to other hosts, including humans. In fact, several dog and cat parasites (e.g., Toxoplasma gondii, Dipylidium caninum, Ancylostoma caninum, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Toxocara canis) are important not only from a veterinary perspective but also from a medical standpoint. In addition, some of them (e.g., Lynxacarus radovskyi on cats and Rangelia vitalii in dogs) are little known to most veterinary practitioners working in Brazil. This article is a compendium on dog and cat parasites in Brazil and a call for a One Health approach towards a better management of some of these parasites, which may potentially affect humans. Practical aspects related to the diagnosis, treatment, and control of parasitic diseases of dogs and cats in Brazil are discussed.
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            Pet roundworms and hookworms: A continuing need for global worming

            Ascarids and ancylostomatids are the most important parasites affecting dogs and cats worldwide, in terms of diffusion and risk for animal and human health. Different misconceptions have led the general public and pet owners to minimize the importance of these intestinal worms. A low grade of interest is also registered among veterinary professions, although there is a significant merit in keeping our guard up against these parasites. This article reviews current knowledge of ascarids and ancylostomatids, with a special focus on pathogenicity, epidemiology and control methods in veterinary and human medicine.
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              Toxocara cati: an underestimated zoonotic agent.

              The role of Toxocara cati as a zoonosis is reviewed. It is suggested that, despite case histories of human infection in the literature, historical factors have led to T. cati being under-recognized as a zoonosis, particularly when compared with the prominence given to Toxocara canis in dogs. Differentiation of the two infections remains challenging even today. It is recommended that further work be conducted to facilitate differentiation so that the importance of T. cati as a zoonosis can be clearly defined.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Parasite
                Parasite
                parasite
                Parasite
                EDP Sciences
                1252-607X
                1776-1042
                2021
                02 April 2021
                : 28
                : ( publisher-idID: parasite/2021/01 )
                : 28
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center Walchenseestr. 8–12 83101 Rohrdorf Germany
                [2 ] Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health 1730 Olympic Drive Athens GA 30601 USA
                [3 ] Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana Rruga Paisi Vodica 1025 Tirana Albania
                [4 ] Center for Animal Services, Fond. Prosp. Integr. Rr. Mine Peza, Pall. 3, Shk. 1/4 1000 Tirana Albania
                [5 ] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacan 04510 Mexico
                [6 ] Clinvet International (Pty) Ltd. P.O. Box 11186, Universitas Bloemfontein 9321 Republic of South Africa
                [7 ] East Tennessee Clinical Research 80 Copper Ridge Farm Rd Rockwood TN 37854 USA
                [8 ] Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 29 Avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
                [9 ] Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 3239 Satellite Blvd Duluth GA 30096 USA
                Author notes
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4798-3246
                Article
                parasite200177 10.1051/parasite/2021024
                10.1051/parasite/2021024
                8019557
                33812460
                c7c61b4b-576d-4e1f-abfd-8f8e5b2b94c4
                © M. Knaus et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2021

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 02 November 2020
                : 08 March 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 7
                Categories
                Research Article
                Special Issue – NexGard ® Combo (esafoxolaner, eprinomectin, praziquantel): A new endectocide spot-on formulation for cats. Invited Editor: Frédéric Beugnet

                cat,intestinal helminth,esafoxolaner,eprinomectin,praziquantel,efficacy

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