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      The Probable Effect of Irrigation Solution and Time on Bond Strength to Coronal Dentin: An In Vitro Evaluation

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          Abstract

          Introduction:

          The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of root canal irrigants on the microtensile bond strength of 2-step self-etch adhesive to dentin.

          Methods and Materials:

          n this study 36 sound extracted human third molars were used. After grinding 3 mm of occlusal surface, teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups based on irrigation material naming normal saline, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and also irrigation time (5 or 30 min). Next, teeth were restored with Clearfil SE bond adhesive resin system and Z250 composite. The teeth were then thermo cycled by thermo cycling machine, for 500 cycles between 5 º and 55 ºC with 60 sec dwell time and 12 sec transfer time. All samples were sectioned into bucco-lingual slabs. The sections were submitted to the micro tensile testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture. Data was analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test with the level of significance set at 0.05.

          Results:

          Irrigation with normal saline, 5.25% NaOCl and 2% CHX for 5 or 30 min did not significantly change the microtensile bond strength of adhesive to dentin ( P=0.729 for time and P=0.153 for material). However the maximum and minimum microtensile bond strength was attributed to normal saline (44.13 N) and NaOCl (31.29 N) groups, respectively.

          Conclusion:

          Iirrigation solution and time have no influence on microtensile bond strength of two-step self-etch adhesive to coronal dentin.

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          Most cited references26

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          In vitro antimicrobial activity of several concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis.

          The aim of this study was to assess, in vitro, the effectiveness of several concentrations of NaOCl (0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 4% and 5.25%) and two forms of chlorhexidine gluconate (gel and liquid) in three concentrations (0.2%, 1% and 2%) in the elimination of E. faecalis. A broth dilution test using 24-well cell culture plates was performed and the time taken for the irrigants to kill bacterial cells was recorded. Isolated 24 h colonies of pure cultures of E. faecalis grown on 10% sheep blood plus Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) agar plates were suspended in sterile 0.85% NaCI solution. The cell suspension was adjusted spectrophotometrically to match the turbidity of a McFarland 0.5 scale. One mL of each tested substance was placed on the bottom of wells of 24-well cell culture plates (Corning, NY), including the control group (sterile saline). Six wells were used for each time period and irrigant concentration. Two mL of the bacterial suspension were ultrasonically mixed for 10 s with the irrigants and placed in contact with them for 10, 30, and 45 s; 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min; and 1 and 2 h. After each period of time, 1 mL from each well was transferred to tubes containing 2 mL of freshly prepared BHI + neutralizers in order to prevent a residual action of the irrigants. All tubes were incubated at 37 degrees C for 7 days. The tubes considered to have positive growth were those which presented medium turbidity during the incubation period. Data were analysed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis test. with the level of significance set at P < 0.05. All irrigants were effective in killing E. faecalis. but at different times. Chlorhexidine in the liquid form at all concentrations tested (0.2%, 1% and 2%) and NaOCI (5.25%) were the most effective irrigants. However, the time required by 0.2% chlorhexidine liquid and 2% chlorhexidine gel to promote negative cultures was only 30 s and 1 min, respectively. Even though all tested irrigants possessed antibacterial activity, the time required to eliminate E. faecalis depended on the concentration and type of irrigant used.
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            Microbiological status of root-filled teeth with apical periodontitis.

            The present study examined the microbiological status of 100 root-filled teeth with radiographically verified apical periodontitis--the pathology (P) group--and of 20 teeth without signs of periapical pathosis--the technical (T) group. In the P group 117 strains of bacteria were recovered in 68 teeth. In most of the cases examined one or two strains were found. Facultative anaerobic species predominated among these isolates (69% of identified strains). Growth was classified as 'sparse' or 'very sparse' in 53%, and as 'heavy' or 'very heavy' in 42%. Enterococci were the most frequently isolated genera, showing 'heavy' or 'very heavy' growth in 25 out of 32 cases (78%). In 11 teeth of the T group no bacteria were recovered, whilst the remaining nine yielded 13 microbial strains. Eight of these grew 'very sparsely'. It is concluded that the microflora of the obturated canal differs from that found normally in the untreated necrotic dental pulp, quantitatively as well as qualitatively. Nonsurgical retreatment strategies should be reconsidered.
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              The use of calcium hydroxide, antibiotics and biocides as antimicrobial medicaments in endodontics.

              Bacteria have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of pulp and periapical diseases. The primary aim of endodontic treatment is to remove as many bacteria as possible from the root canal system and then to create an environment in which any remaining organisms cannot survive. This can only be achieved through the use of a combination of aseptic treatment techniques, chemomechanical preparation of the root canal, antimicrobial irrigating solutions and intracanal medicaments. The choice of which intracanal medicament to use is dependent on having an accurate diagnosis of the condition being treated, as well as a thorough knowledge of the type of organisms likely to be involved and their mechanisms of growth and survival. Since the disease is likely to have been caused by the presence of bacteria within the root canal, the use of an antimicrobial agent is essential. Many medicaments have been used in an attempt to achieve the above aims but no single preparation has been found to be completely predictable or effective. Commonly used medicaments include calcium hydroxide, antibiotics, non-phenolic biocides, phenolic biocides and iodine compounds. Each has advantages and disadvantages, and further research is required to determine which is best suited for root canal infections.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Iran Endod J
                Iran Endod J
                IEJ
                Iranian Endodontic Journal
                Iranian Center for Endodontic Research (Tehran, Iran )
                1735-7497
                2008-2746
                Fall 2017
                : 12
                : 4
                : 439-442
                Affiliations
                [a ] Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd , Iran;
                [b ] Private Practice , Yazd, Iran;
                [c ] Endodontist, Tehran, Iran;
                [d ] Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Hamidreza Hemati, Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Tel: +98-353 6212623, E-mail: hr.hemati94@gmail.com
                Article
                10.22037/iej.v12i4.10106
                5722119
                29225638
                c7d36e17-b3ef-4804-a135-5faeee7adc82

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 10 April 2017
                : 7 August 2017
                : 20 August 2017
                Categories
                Original Article

                Dentistry
                bond strength,dentin,irrigation solution
                Dentistry
                bond strength, dentin, irrigation solution

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