Influencing factors of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Shenzhen

Abstract

Objective To investigate the associated factors of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Shenzhen, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of myopia.

Methods By stratified cluster sampling, 3 073 students of 14 schools including primary, junior, regular and vocational senior schools from two districts in Shenzhen were selected and investigated.

Results For primary school students, the time of using computer for 2-<3 hours per day ( OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.19–4.20) , and no physical education class (2 sections per week OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.13–0.91; 4 sections per week OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.08-0.62; 5 sections or more per week OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.11-0.97) were positively associated with myopia. Teachers finishing class on time at break (occasionally delaying OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.51 –2.63; frequently delaying OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.29–3.30), taking 0.5-1 hour break when using eyes at close range (1–<2 hours OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.03 –1.70;≥ 3 hours OR =1.87, 95% CI = 1.17-3.00), no parents with myopia(one parent with myopia OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.32-2.17; two parents with myopia OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.50-3.02) were negatively associated with myopia. For junior high school students, without parents with myopia (one parent with myopia OR = 3.27, 95% CI = 2.17–4.94; two parents with myopia OR = 5.38, 95% CI =2.78 –10.42) was the protective factor of myopia. For senior high school students, male (female OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.07-2.14), doing eye exercises twice a day in school ( OR = 0.41, 95% CI =0.23 – 0.75), and accumulating outdoor activities for ≥ 2 hours a day ( OR = 0.70, 95% CI =0.49-1.00) were negatively associated with myopia.

Conclusion There are different risk factors for myopia among different students in Shenzhen. Students with high risk factors are the key objects of prevention and control.

Abstract

【摘要】 目的 了解深圳市中小学生近视影响因素, 为开展学生近视防控工作提供参考。 方法 采取分层整群抽样 的方法在深圳市选取 2 个区, 每个区选小学、初中和普通髙中各 1 所, 职业髙中 1 所, 共计对 14 所学校 3 073 名学生开展近 视及影响因素调査。 结果 对于小学生, 每天用电脑 2~<3 h ( OR = 2.23, 95% CI =1.19~4.20), 不上体育课 (每周 2 节: OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.13~0.91; 每周 4 节： OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.08~ 0.62;每周 5 节及以上： OR = 0.33, 95% CI =0.11~0.97) 与近视 呈正相关; 课间休息或放学时老师不拖堂 (偶尔： OR=1.99, 95% CI = 1.51 ~2.63;经常： OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.29 ~ 3.30), 在近 距离用眼时 0.5 ~<1 h 休息 1 次眼睛 (“1~<2 h” OR =1.33, 95% CI = 1.03 ~ 1.70; “≥3 h” OR =1.87, 95% CI =1.17~3.00), 父母 均不近视 (一方近视: OR =1.69, 95% CI =1.32~2.17;双方近视： OR = 2.13, 95% CI =1.50~3.02)与近视呈负相关。对于初中 生, 父母均不近视 (一方近视: OR=3.27, 95% CI =2.17~4.94;双方近视： OR = 5.38, 95% CI = 2.78 ~ 10.42)与近视呈负相关。 对于髙中生, 男性 (女性 OR =1.52, 95% CI =1.07~2.14), 每天在校做2次眼保健操 ( OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.23~ 0.75), 每天白 天累计户外活动时间 ≥2 h ( OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.49~1.00)与近视呈负相关。 结论 深圳市不同学段学生近视危险因素不 尽相同, 对具有髙危因素的学生应重点防控。