Glucocorticoids inhibit protein synthesis and stimulate protein degradation in skeletal muscle and are an important factor in the development of muscle atrophy in various catabolic conditions. Glucocorticoid-stimulated muscle protein breakdown is primarily caused by ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent proteolysis although calcium-dependent protein degradation may also be involved. In certain catabolic conditions, including sepsis, an interaction between glucocorticoids and proinflammatory cytokines is important for the stimulation of muscle protein breakdown.