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      Analysis of educational research at a medical faculty in Germany and suggestions for strategic development – a case study Translated title: Analyse zur Ausbildungsforschung an einer medizinischen Fakultät in Deutschland und Vorschläge zur strategischen Entwicklung – eine Fallstudie

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          Abstract

          Background: Evidence-based medical education is playing an increasingly important role in the choice of didactic methods and the development of medical curricula and assessments. In Germany, a growing number of educational research projects has accompanied an ongoing change in the medical education process. The aim of this project was to assess medical education research activities at one medical faculty to develop procedural recommendations for the support and development of best evidence medical education.

          Methods: Using a newly developed online questionnaire, the 65 institutes and departments of the medical faculty of Hamburg University at Hamburg University Medical-Center (UKE) were asked to report their medical education research and service projects, medical education publications, medical education theses, financial support for educational projects, and supportive structures that they would consider helpful in the future. The data were grouped, and a SWOT analysis was performed.

          Results: In total, 60 scientists who were involved in 112 medical education research publications between 1998 and 2014 were identified at the UKE. Twenty-five of them had published at least one manuscript as first or last author. Thirty-three UKE institutions were involved in educational service or research projects at the time of the study, and 75.8% of them received internal or external funding. Regular educational research meetings and the acquisition of co-operation partners were mentioned most frequently as beneficial supportive structures for the future.

          Conclusion: An analysis to define the status quo of medical education research at a medical faculty seems to be a helpful first step for the development of a strategy and structure to further support researchers in medical education.

          Zusammenfassung

          Hintergrund: Evidenzbasierte medizinische Ausbildung spielt eine immer wichtiger werdende Rolle bei der Auswahl didaktischer Methoden und der Entwicklung medizinscher Curricula und Prüfungen.

          In Deutschland hat eine wachsende Zahl von Ausbildungsforschungsprojekten den fortschreitenden Wandel des medizinischen Ausbildungsprozesses begleitet. Ziel dieses Projektes war es, die medizinischen Ausbildungsforschungsaktivitäten an einer medizinischen Fakultät einzuschätzen, um Prozessempfehlungen zur Unterstützung und Entwicklung von evidenzbasierter medizinischer Ausbildung zu entwickeln.

          Methoden: Mit einem neu entwickelten Online-Fragebogen wurden 65 Institute und Abteilungen der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Hamburg am Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) gebeten, über ihre Ausbildungsforschungs- und Serviceprojekte, ihre Publikationen in der Ausbildungsforschung, Promotionsarbeiten im Bereich der Ausbildungsforschung, Fördermittel für Ausbildungsprojekte und unterstützende Strukturen, die sie als zukünftig hilfreich einstufen würden, zu berichten. Die Daten wurden zusammengestellt und es wurde eine SWOT-Analyse durchgeführt.

          Ergebnissen: Insgesamt 60 Wissenschaftler_innen des UKE waren an 112 Publikationen im Bereich der medizinischen Ausbildungsforschung zwischen 1998 und 2014 beteiligt. 25 von ihnen haben mindestens ein Manuskript in Erst- oder Letztautorenschaft veröffentlicht. 33 der Abteilungen am UKE waren an ausbildungsbezogenen Service- oder Ausbildungsforschungsprojekten beteiligt und 75.8% von ihnen erhielten interne oder externe Fördermittel. Regelmäßige Treffen zu Ausbildungsforschungsthemen und Unterstützung bei der Suche nach Kooperationspartner_innen wurden am häufigsten als nützliche unterstützende Strukturen für die Zukunft genannt.

          Schlussfolgerung: Eine Erhebung zur Feststellung des Ist-Zustandes der medizinischen Ausbildungsforschung an einer medizinischen Fakultät scheint ein hilfreicher erster Schritt zur Entwicklung von Strategie und Struktur zur weiteren Unterstützung von Forscher_innen in der medizinischen Ausbildungsforschung zu sein.

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          Diffusion of Innovations.

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            The case for use of entrustable professional activities in undergraduate medical education.

            Many graduate medical education (GME) programs have started to consider and adopt entrustable professional activities (EPAs) in their competency frameworks. Do EPAs also have a place in undergraduate medical education (UME)? In this Perspective article, the authors discuss arguments in favor of the use of EPAs in UME. A competency framework that aligns UME and GME outcome expectations would allow for better integration across the educational continuum. The EPA approach would be consistent with what is known about progressive skill development. The key principles underlying EPAs, workplace learning and trust, are generalizable and would also be applicable to UME learners. Lastly, EPAs could increase transparency in the workplace regarding student abilities and help ensure safe and quality patient care. The authors also outline what UME EPAs might look like, suggesting core, specialty-specific, and elective EPAs related to core clinical residency entry expectations and learner interest. UME EPAs would be defined as essential health care activities with which one would expect to entrust a resident at the beginning of residency to perform without direct supervision. Finally, the authors recommend a refinement and expansion of the entrustment and supervision scale previously developed for GME to better incorporate the supervision expectations for UME learners. They suggest that EPAs could be operationalized for UME if UME-specific EPAs were developed and the entrustment scale were expanded.
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              Curricular change in medical schools: how to succeed.

              Society's changing needs, advancing knowledge, and innovations in education require constant changes of medical school curricula. But successful curricular change occurs only through the dedicated efforts of effective change agents. This study systematically searched and synthesized the literature on educational curricular change (at all levels of instruction), as well as organizational change, to provide guidance for those who direct curricular change initiatives in medical schools. The focus was on the process of planning, implementing, and institutionalizing curricular change efforts; thus, only those articles that dealt with examining the change process and articulating the factors that promote or inhibit change efforts were included. In spite of the highly diverse literature reviewed, a consistent set of characteristics emerged as being associated with successful curricular change. The frequent reappearance of the same characteristics in the varied fields and settings suggests they are robust contributors to successful change. Specifically, the characteristics are in the areas of the organization's mission and goals, history of change in the organization, politics (internal networking, resource allocation, relationship with the external environment), organizational structure, need for change, scope and complexity of the innovation, cooperative climate, participation by the organization's members, communication, human resource development (training, incorporating new members, reward structure), evaluation, performance dip (i.e., the temporary decrease in an organization's performance as a new program is implemented), and leadership. These characteristics are discussed in detail and related specifically to curricular change in medical school settings.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS Journal for Medical Education
                German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
                2366-5017
                15 November 2016
                2016
                : 33
                : 5
                : Doc71
                Affiliations
                [1 ]University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, III. Medical Clinic, Hamburg, Germany
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Sigrid Harendza, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, III. Medical Clinic, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany, Phone: +49 (0)40/7410-53908, Fax: +49 (0)40/7410-40218, E-mail: harendza@ 123456iuke.de
                Article
                zma001070 Doc71 urn:nbn:de:0183-zma0010707
                10.3205/zma001070
                5135420
                c84d493f-4645-47dd-a69c-c1684ee0138f
                Copyright © 2016 Prediger et al.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

                History
                : 24 November 2015
                : 29 July 2016
                : 07 July 2016
                Categories
                Article

                educational research,medical education,research networks,research projects,strategic development

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