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      Human Pathogens in Body and Head Lice

      brief-report

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          Abstract

          Using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing, we investigated the prevalence of Rickettsia prowazekii, Bartonella quintana, and Borrelia recurrentis in 841 body lice collected from various countries. We detected R. prowazekii in body lice from Burundi in 1997 and in lice from Burundi and Rwanda in 2001; B. quintana infections of body lice were widespread. We did not detect B. recurrentis in any lice.

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          The body louse as a vector of reemerging human diseases.

          D Raoult, Ana V. Diez Roux (1999)
          The body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus, is a strict human parasite, living and multiplying in clothing. Louse infestation is associated with cold weather and a lack of hygiene. Three pathogenic bacteria are transmitted by the body louse. Borrelia recurrentis is a spirochete, the agent of relapsing fever, recently cultured on axenic medium. Historically, massive outbreaks have occurred in Eurasia and Africa, but currently the disease is found only in Ethiopia and neighboring countries. Bartonella quintana is now recognized as an agent of bacillary angiomatosis bacteremia, trench fever, endocarditis, and chronic lymphadenopathy among the homeless. Rickettsia prowazekii is the agent of epidemic typhus. The most recent outbreak (and the largest since World War II) was observed in Burundi. A small outbreak was also reported in Russia in 1997. Louse infestation appears to become more prevalent worldwide, associated with a decline in social and hygienic conditions provoked by civil unrest and economic instability.
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            Natural history of Bartonella infections (an exception to Koch's postulate).

            V Jacomo, Ciarán Kelly, Didier Raoult (2001)
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              Survey of three bacterial louse-associated diseases among rural Andean communities in Peru: prevalence of epidemic typhus, trench fever, and relapsing fever.

              R. Birtles, H Guerra, Ana V. Diez Roux … (1999)
              Typhus and other louse-transmitted bacterial infections in Peruvian sierra communities are known to occur but have not recently been assessed. In this study, 194 of 1,280 inhabitants of four villages in Calca Province in the Urubamba Valley were included. Thirty-nine (20%) of the 194 volunteers had antibodies to Rickettsia prowazekii, whereas 24 (12%) had antibodies to Bartonella quintana and 2 against Borrelia recurrentis. There was a significant correlation between the presence of infesting ectoparasites and antibodies to R. prowazekii, as well as between antibodies to R. prowazekii and ectoparasite infestation and fever in the previous 6 months. The proportion of inhabitants infested with ectoparasites was significantly higher in the highest-altitude village than in the other three villages. Two volunteers' antibody levels suggested a recent typhus infection, but only B. quintana DNA was amplified from lice. Epidemic typhus remains extant in the area, and B. quintana infections were encountered and documented for the first time in South America.
              Article 0 comments Cited 25 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Emerging Infect. Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EID
                Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Print): 1080-6040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059
                Publication date (Print): December 2002
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 12
                Pages: 1515-1518
                Affiliations
                [* ]Université des la Méditerranée, Marseille Cedex, France
                [† ]Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Bujumbura, Burundi
                [‡ ]Médecins sans frontière, Marseille, France
                [§ ]Ross University, St. Kitts, West Indies
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Didier Raoult, Unité des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020, IFR 48, Faculté de Médecine, Université des la Méditerranée, 13385 Marseille Cedex, France; fax: 33.4.91.38.77.72; e-mail: Didier.Raoult@ 123456medecine.unive-mrs.fr
                Article
                Publisher ID: 02-0111
                DOI: 10.3201/eid0812.020111
                PMC ID: 2738510
                PubMed ID: 12498677
                SO-VID: c85008cd-c370-47be-90d4-34408a66fb6a
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Dispatch

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: borrelia recurrentis,rickettsia prowazekii,body louse,bartonella quintana
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: borrelia recurrentis, rickettsia prowazekii, body louse, bartonella quintana

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