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      Influência dos Elementos Meteorológicos Sobre o Comportamento do Fogo Translated title: Influence of Weather on Fire Behavior

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          Abstract

          Resumo Os incêndios florestais geram problemas em diversas escalas em todos os ecossistemas. é amplamente reconhecido que quanto mais se entender sobre o comportamento do fogo e sua resposta às condições ambientais, mais acertadas serão as decisões sobre a gestão dos incêndios. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o comportamento do fogo e suas correlações com os fatores ambientais associados ao clima. Queimas controladas de quatro parcelas por dia, em diferentes horários, e definidas ao acaso, foram realizadas durante 80 dias entre 01/07/2016 e 30/11/2016. O teor de umidade foi o parâmetro mais importante da inflamabilidade dos combustíveis e nas variáveis do comportamento do fogo. A umidade do material combustível reflete as condições atmosféricas e pode variar mais rápida e diretamente com aquelas do comportamento do fogo. A temperatura do ar foi o elemento mais correlacionado com a intensidade do fogo embora não teve correlação alguma com a velocidade de propagação. A variação dos resultados deste com os de outros estudos mostram a importância de se entender o comportamento do fogo em nível local.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Forest fires generate problems at various scales in all ecosystems. It is widely recognized that the more you understand about fire behavior and its response to environmental conditions, the better the decisions about fire management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of fire and its correlations with environmental factors associated with climate. Controlled burnings of four plots per day, at different times and defined at random, were carried out during 80 days between 07/01/2016 and 11/30/2016. The moisture content was the most important parameter of the flammability of the fuels and the variables of the behavior of the fire. The moisture of the combustible material reflects the atmospheric conditions and can vary more quickly and directly with those of the fire behavior. The air temperature was the most correlated element with the fire intensity although it did not have any correlation with the rate of spread. The variation of the results of this with those of other studies show the importance of understanding fire behavior at the local level.

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          Most cited references34

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          Climate-induced variations in global wildfire danger from 1979 to 2013

          Climate strongly influences global wildfire activity, and recent wildfire surges may signal fire weather-induced pyrogeographic shifts. Here we use three daily global climate data sets and three fire danger indices to develop a simple annual metric of fire weather season length, and map spatio-temporal trends from 1979 to 2013. We show that fire weather seasons have lengthened across 29.6 million km2 (25.3%) of the Earth's vegetated surface, resulting in an 18.7% increase in global mean fire weather season length. We also show a doubling (108.1% increase) of global burnable area affected by long fire weather seasons (>1.0 σ above the historical mean) and an increased global frequency of long fire weather seasons across 62.4 million km2 (53.4%) during the second half of the study period. If these fire weather changes are coupled with ignition sources and available fuel, they could markedly impact global ecosystems, societies, economies and climate.
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            Height of Crown Scorch in Forest Fires

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              Climate, fire size, and biophysical setting control fire severity and spatial pattern in the northern Cascade Range, USA.

              Warmer and drier climate over the past few decades has brought larger fire sizes and increased annual area burned in forested ecosystems of western North America, and continued increases in annual area burned are expected due to climate change. As warming continues, fires may also increase in severity and produce larger contiguous patches of severely burned areas. We used remotely sensed burn-severity data from 125 fires in the northern Cascade Range of Washington, USA, to explore relationships between fire size, severity, and the spatial pattern of severity. We examined relationships between climate and the annual area burned and the size of wildfires over a 25-year period. We tested the hypothesis that increased fire size is commensurate with increased burn severity and increased spatial aggregation of severely burned areas. We also asked how local ecological controls might modulate these relationships by comparing results over the whole study area (the northern Cascade Range) to those from four ecological subsections within it. We found significant positive relationships between climate and fire size, and between fire size and the proportion of high severity and spatial-pattern metrics that quantify the spatial aggregation of high-severity areas within fires, but the strength and significance of these relationships varied among the four subsections. In areas with more contiguous subalpine forests and less complex topography, the proportion and spatial aggregation of severely burned areas were more strongly correlated with fire size. If fire sizes increase in a warming climate, changes in the extent, severity, and spatial pattern of fire regimes are likely to be more pronounced in higher-severity fire regimes with less complex topography and more continuous fuels.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbmet
                Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia
                Rev. bras. meteorol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Meteorologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0102-7786
                1982-4351
                May 2019
                : 34
                : 1
                : 33-41
                Affiliations
                [1] Viçosa Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Viçosa orgdiv1Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Brazil
                Article
                S0102-77862019000100033
                10.1590/0102-7786334014
                c87591b5-2833-406b-9866-049776d1c0cc

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 March 2018
                : 12 May 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 43, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos

                climate elements,combustible material,correlation,forest fires,clima, correlação,incêndios florestais,material combustível

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