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      Dear trainees, take care of yourselves: a guide to surviving clinical psychology Translated title: Queridos residentes, cuidaos: una guía para sobrevivir a la psicología clínica

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          Abstract

          Abstract The training system in clinical psychology in Spain is a process that will test the adaptability of trainees to the limit, especially if they do not have adequate supervision and institutional support. Aware of this issue, the present paper aims to normalize the complexity of training as a clinical psychologist in Spain, placing special emphasis on the first steps as a trainee in the Spanish National Health System and on the personal challenges involved. Moreover, it seeks to increase sensitivity and awareness about the importance of establishing measures that enable trainees to survive clinical psychology. Therefore, the state of the art on the topic of self-care within the field of clinical psychology and psychotherapy is discussed from the perspective that better trained specialists will improve the National Health System and mental health care for the most vulnerable people.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen La residencia en psicología clínica es un proceso que pondrá al límite la capacidad de adaptación de los residentes, especialmente si no gozan de la supervisión y el soporte institucional adecuados. Conscientes de esta situación, este trabajo pretende normalizar la complejidad que supone formarse como psicólogo clínico en España, poniendo un énfasis especial en los primeros pasos como residente en el Sistema Nacional de Salud y en los desafíos personales que ello implica. Asimismo, persigue incrementar la sensibilidad sobre la necesidad de medidas que permitan a los residentes sobrevivir a la psicología clínica. Por ende, se discute el estado del arte sobre el concepto de autocuidado dentro del campo de la psicología clínica y la psicoterapia desde la perspectiva de que especialistas mejor formados podrán mejorar el Sistema Nacional de Salud y la atención a la salud mental de los más vulnerables.

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          Most cited references29

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          The biomedical model of mental disorder: a critical analysis of its validity, utility, and effects on psychotherapy research.

          The biomedical model posits that mental disorders are brain diseases and emphasizes pharmacological treatment to target presumed biological abnormalities. A biologically-focused approach to science, policy, and practice has dominated the American healthcare system for more than three decades. During this time, the use of psychiatric medications has sharply increased and mental disorders have become commonly regarded as brain diseases caused by chemical imbalances that are corrected with disease-specific drugs. However, despite widespread faith in the potential of neuroscience to revolutionize mental health practice, the biomedical model era has been characterized by a broad lack of clinical innovation and poor mental health outcomes. In addition, the biomedical paradigm has profoundly affected clinical psychology via the adoption of drug trial methodology in psychotherapy research. Although this approach has spurred the development of empirically supported psychological treatments for numerous mental disorders, it has neglected treatment process, inhibited treatment innovation and dissemination, and divided the field along scientist and practitioner lines. The neglected biopsychosocial model represents an appealing alternative to the biomedical approach, and an honest and public dialog about the validity and utility of the biomedical paradigm is urgently needed. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Preventing vicarious traumatization of mental health therapists: Identifying protective practices.

            This qualitative study identified protective practices that mitigate risks of vicarious traumatization (VT) among mental health therapists. The sample included six peer-nominated master therapists, who responded to the question, "How do you manage to sustain your personal and professional well-being, given the challenges of your work with seriously traumatized clients?" Data analysis was based upon Lieblich, Tuval-Mashiach, and Zilber's (1998) typology of narrative analysis. Findings included nine major themes salient across clinicians' narratives of protective practices: countering isolation (in professional, personal and spiritual realms); developing mindful self-awareness; consciously expanding perspective to embrace complexity; active optimism; holistic self-care; maintaining clear boundaries; exquisite empathy; professional satisfaction; and creating meaning. Findings confirm and extend previous recommendations for ameliorating VT and underscore the ethical responsibility shared by employers, educators, professional bodies, and individual practitioners to address this serious problem. The novel finding that empathic engagement with traumatized clients appeared to be protective challenges previous conceptualizations of VT and points to exciting new directions for research, theory, training, and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).
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              Perfectionism, impostor phenomenon, and mental health in medicine: a literature review

              Objectives The aims of this review, focused on medical students, residents, and physicians, were a) to determine the levels of perfectionism and prevalence of impostor phenomenon, b) to assess the relationship between perfectionism, impostor phenomenon, and mental health, and c) explore how medical culture may influence these personality characteristics. Methods A narrative literature review was conducted. Search terms were entered into PubMed, PsychINFO, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar without date or geographic restrictions. The McMaster Critical Review Forms for Quantitative and Qualitative Studies were used for article appraisal. Final decisions on inclusion and exclusion were reached through discussion. Sixteen articles were included in this review and summarized in a data extraction table. Results Medical students had similar perfectionism scores to other student groups but scored lower in maladaptive perfectionism. The overall prevalence of the impostor phenomenon ranged from 22.5% to 46.6%. More females (41% - 52%) experienced clinical levels of impostor phenomenon compared to males (23.7% - 48%). Most studies did not find an association between the impostor phenomenon and academic year of training. Both personality characteristics were associated with negative mental health effects. Medical culture can train for and/or exacerbate these characteristics, affecting professional identity formation. Both characteristics contribute to distress for learners during commonly-used teaching methods in medical education. Conclusions Comprehensive changes in medical education that consider the relationship between medical culture, professional identity formation, impostor phenomenon, and perfectionism are needed. Longitudinal studies will help identify the implications of these findings for professional identity formation and medical education.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pappsicol
                Papeles del Psicólogo
                Pap. Psicol.
                Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Psicólogos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0214-7823
                1886-1415
                August 2023
                : 44
                : 2
                : 78-84
                Affiliations
                [4] Zaragoza orgnameHospital Universitario Miguel Servet Spain
                [1] Sevilla orgnameServicio Andaluz de Salud Spain
                [2] Badalona Barcelona orgnameHospital Universitari Germans Trías i Pujol Spain
                [3] Madrid orgnameHospital Clínico San Carlos Spain
                Article
                S0214-78232023000200004 S0214-7823(23)04400200004
                10.23923/pap.psicol.3014
                c8786c70-06d7-422d-89ea-a528153fd534

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 January 2023
                : 07 March 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Articles

                Sanidad pública,Clinical psychology,Psychotherapy,Specialized health training,Self-care,Public health system,Psicología clínica,Psicoterapia,Formación sanitaria especializada,Autocuidado

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