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      Tilapia en Ecuador: paradoja entre la producción acuícola y la protección de la biodiversidad ecuatoriana Translated title: Tilapia in Ecuador: paradox between aquaculture production and the protection of Ecuadorian biodiversity

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          Abstract

          La tilapia es un pez dulceacuícola originario del África que posee muchas características que la convierten en un excelente pez para acuicultura, pero también es considerada como una de las especies exóticas invasoras más peligrosas del mundo debido a su adaptabilidad y potencial reproductivo. En este ensayo se analiza el dilema entre las bondades de estos peces como alternativa para contribuir con la seguridad agroalimentaria y la amenaza que representa para la biodiversidad acuática de Ecuador. La ausencia de información oficial hace necesario investigar el efecto de las invasiones por tilapia en los ríos, lagunas y esteros colonizados por esta especie. El nivel de acción para prevenir, erradicar o controlar la tilapia en Ecuador ha sido muy limitado y por lo tanto se impone la necesidad de establecer estrategias para evitar su propagación hacia áreas aún no invadidas. Aunque el gobierno de Ecuador posee regulaciones que restringen la introducción de especies exóticas, la realidad es que, en el caso de la tilapia, lejos de establecer controles adecuados, el cultivo de estos peces es impulsado sin mayores objeciones. Se discute la posibilidad de adoptar estrategias de control biológico para erradicar y/o mitigar las consecuencias de la invasión por tilapias en el país y la necesidad de fomentar campañas educativas para crear un nuevo comportamiento ambiental, conciencia y responsabilidad en la sociedad.

          Translated abstract

          Tilapia is a freshwater fish native to Africa that has many characteristics that make it an excellent fish for aquaculture, but it is also considered one of the most dangerous invasive exotic species in the world due to its adaptability and reproductive potential. This essay analyzes the dilemma between the benefits of these fish as an alternative to contribute to agrifood security and the threat it poses to Ecuador's aquatic biodiversity. The absence of official information makes it necessary to investigate the effect of the invasions by tilapia in the rivers, lagoons and estuaries colonized by this species. The level of action to prevent, eradicate or control the tilapia in Ecuador has been very limited and therefore the need to establish strategies to prevent its spread to areas not yet invaded is imposed. Although the government of Ecuador has regulations that restrict the introduction of exotic species, the reality is that, in the case of the tilapia, far from establishing adequate controls, the culture of these fish is promoted without major objections. The possibility of adopting biocontrol strategies to eradicate and / or mitigate the consequences of the invasion by tilapia in the country and the need to promote educational campaigns to create a new environmental behavior, conscience and responsibility in society is discussed.

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          Most cited references56

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          Ecological Impacts of Nonnative Freshwater Fishes

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            The effects of introduced tilapias on native biodiversity

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              Anthropogenic environmental change and the emergence of infectious diseases in wildlife.

              By using the criteria that define emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) of humans, we can identify a similar group of EIDs in wildlife. In the current review we highlight an important series of wildlife EIDs: amphibian chytridiomycosis; diseases of marine invertebrates and vertebrates and two recently-emerged viral zoonoses, Nipah virus disease and West Nile virus disease. These exemplify the varied etiology, pathogenesis, zoonotic potential and ecological impact of wildlife EIDs. Strikingly similar underlying factors drive disease emergence in both human and wildlife populations. These are predominantly ecological and almost entirely the product of human environmental change. The implications of wildlife EIDs are twofold: emerging wildlife diseases cause direct and indirect loss of biodiversity and add to the threat of zoonotic disease emergence. Since human environmental changes are largely responsible for their emergence, the threats wildlife EIDs pose to biodiversity and human health represent yet another consequence of anthropogenic influence on ecosystems. We identify key areas where existing expertise in ecology, conservation biology, wildlife biology, veterinary medicine and the impact of environmental change would augment programs to investigate emerging diseases of humans, and we comment on the need for greater medical and microbiological input into the study of wildlife diseases.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpb
                Revista Peruana de Biología
                Rev. peru biol.
                Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Lima, , Peru )
                1727-9933
                October 2019
                : 26
                : 4
                : 543-550
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, Extensión El Carmen orgdiv1Facultad de Ingeniería Agropecuaria Ecuador
                [03] orgnameUniversidad Técnica de Machala Ecuador
                [04] orgnameUniversidad de Oriente orgdiv1Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela Venezuela
                [02] orgnameUniversidad del Zulia orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Venezuela
                Article
                S1727-99332019000400017 S1727-9933(19)02600400017
                10.15381/rpb.v26i4.16343
                c887a6cd-ad73-43ba-82cf-d30214e1ae92

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 September 2019
                : 28 June 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 59, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Peru

                Categories
                Comentarios

                Ecuador,especies invasoras,acuicultura,Orechromis,invasive species,aquaculture,Oreochromis

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