Adipose tissue macrophages: going off track during obesity

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Inflammation originating from the adipose tissue is considered to be one of the main driving forces for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. Although a plethora of different immune cells shapes adipose tissue inflammation, this review is specifically focused on the contribution of macrophages that reside in adipose tissue in lean and obese conditions. Both conventional and tissue-specific functions of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in lean and obese adipose tissue are discussed and linked with metabolic and inflammatory changes that occur during the development of obesity. Furthermore, we will address various circulating and adipose tissue-derived triggers that may be involved in shaping the ATM phenotype and underlie ATM function in lean and obese conditions. Finally, we will highlight how these changes affect adipose tissue inflammation and may be targeted for therapeutic interventions to improve insulin sensitivity in obese individuals.

Highlights

• Macrophages play a significant role in regulating adipose tissue functioning during health and disease

• In addition to conventional functions such as clearing cellular debris and participating in tissue immune surveillance, lipid buffering is an important function of ATMs

• Obesity-induced inflammation, characterised by an elevated number of proinflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue, has been suggested to contribute to systemic insulin resistance

• Their origin, as well as a combination of peripheral changes and adipose tissue-derived stressors, probably contribute to ATM dysfunction and inflammatory traits during obesity

• Identification of transcriptional differences between ATMs from lean vs obese adipose tissue at several key points during the development of obesity and insulin resistance may reveal upstream triggers, regulatory factors and intracellular pathways that shape ATM function

• Targeting metabolic capacity rather than the inflammatory phenotype of ATMs may hold potential to restore ATM function and adipose tissue homeostasis in obese individuals

Related collections

Most cited references 100

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030.

Sarah E Wild, Gojka Roglic, Anders Green … (2004)

The goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and the number of people of all ages with diabetes for years 2000 and 2030. Data on diabetes prevalence by age and sex from a limited number of countries were extrapolated to all 191 World Health Organization member states and applied to United Nations' population estimates for 2000 and 2030. Urban and rural populations were considered separately for developing countries. The prevalence of diabetes for all age-groups worldwide was estimated to be 2.8% in 2000 and 4.4% in 2030. The total number of people with diabetes is projected to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030. The prevalence of diabetes is higher in men than women, but there are more women with diabetes than men. The urban population in developing countries is projected to double between 2000 and 2030. The most important demographic change to diabetes prevalence across the world appears to be the increase in the proportion of people >65 years of age. These findings indicate that the "diabetes epidemic" will continue even if levels of obesity remain constant. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity, it is likely that these figures provide an underestimate of future diabetes prevalence.

0 comments Cited 1889 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the Framingham Heart Study.

Caroline S. Fox, Joseph Massaro, Udo Hoffmann … (2007)

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) compartments may confer increased metabolic risk. The incremental utility of measuring both visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT) in association with metabolic risk factors and underlying heritability has not been well described in a population-based setting. Participants (n=3001) were drawn from the Framingham Heart Study (48% women; mean age, 50 years), were free of clinical cardiovascular disease, and underwent multidetector computed tomography assessment of SAT and VAT volumes between 2002 and 2005. Metabolic risk factors were examined in relation to increments of SAT and VAT after multivariable adjustment. Heritability was calculated using variance-components analysis. Among both women and men, SAT and VAT were significantly associated with blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and with increased odds of hypertension, impaired fasting glucose, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome (P range < 0.01). In women, relations between VAT and risk factors were consistently stronger than in men. However, VAT was more strongly correlated with most metabolic risk factors than was SAT. For example, among women and men, both SAT and VAT were associated with increased odds of metabolic syndrome. In women, the odds ratio (OR) of metabolic syndrome per 1-standard deviation increase in VAT (OR, 4.7) was stronger than that for SAT (OR, 3.0; P for difference between SAT and VAT < 0.0001); similar differences were noted for men (OR for VAT, 4.2; OR for SAT, 2.5). Furthermore, VAT but not SAT contributed significantly to risk factor variation after adjustment for body mass index and waist circumference (P < or = 0.01). Among overweight and obese individuals, the prevalence of hypertension, impaired fasting glucose, and metabolic syndrome increased linearly and significantly across increasing VAT quartiles. Heritability values for SAT and VAT were 57% and 36%, respectively. Although both SAT and VAT are correlated with metabolic risk factors, VAT remains more strongly associated with an adverse metabolic risk profile even after accounting for standard anthropometric indexes. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesized role of visceral fat as a unique, pathogenic fat depot. Measurement of VAT may provide a more complete understanding of metabolic risk associated with variation in fat distribution.

0 comments Cited 904 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

MCP-1 contributes to macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in obesity.

Hajime Kanda, Sanshiro Tateya, Yoshikazu Tamori … (2006)

Adipocytes secrete a variety of bioactive molecules that affect the insulin sensitivity of other tissues. We now show that the abundance of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA in adipose tissue and the plasma concentration of MCP-1 were increased both in genetically obese diabetic (db/db) mice and in WT mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Mice engineered to express an MCP-1 transgene in adipose tissue under the control of the aP2 gene promoter exhibited insulin resistance, macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, and increased hepatic triglyceride content. Furthermore, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue induced by a high-fat diet were reduced extensively in MCP-1 homozygous KO mice compared with WT animals. Finally, acute expression of a dominant-negative mutant of MCP-1 ameliorated insulin resistance in db/db mice and in WT mice fed a high-fat diet. These findings suggest that an increase in MCP-1 expression in adipose tissue contributes to the macrophage infiltration into this tissue, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis associated with obesity in mice.

0 comments Cited 791 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Rinke Stienstra: rinke.stienstra@wur.nl

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Diabetologia

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Diabetologia

Title: Diabetologia

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )

ISSN (Print): 0012-186X

ISSN (Electronic): 1432-0428

Publication date (Electronic): 3 March 2016

Publication date PMC-release: 3 March 2016

Publication date (Print): 2016

Volume: 59

Pages: 879-894

Affiliations

[ ]Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

[ ]Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, the Netherlands

Article

Publisher ID: 3904

DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3904-9

PMC ID: 4826424

PubMed ID: 26940592

SO-VID: c8a46564-07e5-4dae-8be4-254e6c86683f

License:

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

History

Date received : 9 September 2015

Date accepted : 3 February 2016

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Endocrinology & Diabetes

Keywords: adipose tissue,fat,immune cells,inflammation,insulin resistance,macrophages,metabolism,obesity,review

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Endocrinology & Diabetes

Keywords: adipose tissue, fat, immune cells, inflammation, insulin resistance, macrophages, metabolism, obesity, review

Adipose tissue macrophages: going off track during obesity

Read this article at

Abstract

Related collections

Bioscientifica Open Endocrinology

Most cited references 100

Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030.

Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the Framingham Heart Study.

MCP-1 contributes to macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in obesity.

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Article

History

Categories

Custom metadata

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 187

Cited by 157

Most referenced authors 3,481