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      Escaping the Tragedy of the Commons through Targeted Punishment

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          Abstract

          Failures of cooperation cause many of society's gravest problems. It is well known that cooperation among many players faced with a social dilemma can be maintained thanks to the possibility of punishment, but achieving the initial state of widespread cooperation is often much more difficult. We show here that there exist strategies of `targeted punishment' whereby a small number of punishers can shift a population of defectors into a state of global cooperation. The heterogeneity of players, often regarded as an obstacle, can in fact boost the mechanism's effectivity. We conclude by outlining how the international community could use a strategy of this kind to combat climate change.

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          A general framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems.

          A major problem worldwide is the potential loss of fisheries, forests, and water resources. Understanding of the processes that lead to improvements in or deterioration of natural resources is limited, because scientific disciplines use different concepts and languages to describe and explain complex social-ecological systems (SESs). Without a common framework to organize findings, isolated knowledge does not cumulate. Until recently, accepted theory has assumed that resource users will never self-organize to maintain their resources and that governments must impose solutions. Research in multiple disciplines, however, has found that some government policies accelerate resource destruction, whereas some resource users have invested their time and energy to achieve sustainability. A general framework is used to identify 10 subsystem variables that affect the likelihood of self-organization in efforts to achieve a sustainable SES.
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            Equilibrium points in n-person games

            J F Nash (1950)
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              XXXI.On the influence of carbonic acid in the air upon the temperature of the ground

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                2015-06-04
                Article
                1506.01508
                c8b46991-eb5d-48e2-bc7d-d44bcb50a2e3

                http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

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                Custom metadata
                Manuscript plus Supplementary Material
                physics.soc-ph

                General physics
                General physics

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