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      When a Calling Goes Unanswered: Exploring the Role of Workplace Personalizations as Calling Enactments

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          Abstract

          Individuals are sometimes unable to realize their callings in their formal careers. The literature has highlighted that such unanswered callings produce negative outcomes in the individual’s career and personal life and that coping strategies, such as job and leisure crafting, can help them buffer such consequences. We developed a grounded theory regarding how people cope with their unanswered callings through a previously unexplored strategy in the calling literature: workplace personalization. Our study revealed that through this strategy, individuals retain the aspects of an unanswered calling in their self-concept and then reduce the consequences of not realizing the calling. Some participants enjoy some of the benefits of perceiving a calling, even without performing it in a formal work role. This phenomenon occurs because workplace personalization can be used to represent unanswered callings performed in the past and present, or that are intended to be performed in the future. This form of enactment produces interpersonal and intrapersonal processes that help buffer the negative consequences of not realizing a calling.

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          Most cited references41

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          Provisional Selves: Experimenting with Image and Identity in Professional Adaptation

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            A hot/cool-system analysis of delay of gratification: dynamics of willpower.

            A 2-system framework is proposed for understanding the processes that enable--and undermine--self-control or "willpower" as exemplified in the delay of gratification paradigm. A cool, cognitive "know" system and a hot, emotional "go" system are postulated. The cool system is cognitive, emotionally neutral, contemplative, flexible, integrated, coherent, spatiotemporal, slow, episodic, and strategic. It is the seat of self-regulation and self-control. The hot system is the basis of emotionality, fears as well as passions--impulsive and reflexive--initially controlled by innate releasing stimuli (and, thus, literally under "stimulus control"): it is fundamental for emotional (classical) conditioning and undermines efforts at self-control. The balance between the hot and cool systems is determined by stress, developmental level, and the individual's self-regulatory dynamics. The interactions between these systems allow explanation of findings on willpower from 3 decades of research.
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              A room with a cue: personality judgments based on offices and bedrooms.

              The authors articulate a model specifying links between (a) individuals and the physical environments they occupy and (b) the environments and observers' impressions of the occupants. Two studies examined the basic phenomena underlying this model: Interobserver consensus, observer accuracy, cue utilization, and cue validity. Observer ratings based purely on offices or bedrooms were compared with self- and peer ratings of occupants and with physical features of the environments. Findings, which varied slightly across contexts and traits, suggest that (a) personal environments elicit similar impressions from independent observers, (b) observer impressions show some accuracy, (c) observers rely on valid cues in the rooms to form impressions of occupants, and (d) sex and race stereotypes partially mediate observer consensus and accuracy. Consensus and accuracy correlations were generally stronger than those found in zero-acquaintance research.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Psychol
                Front Psychol
                Front. Psychol.
                Frontiers in Psychology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-1078
                13 September 2019
                2019
                : 10
                : 1940
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Fucape Business School , Vitória, Brazil
                [2] 2Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
                Author notes

                Edited by: Giulio Arcangeli, University of Florence, Italy

                Reviewed by: Gabriele Giorgi, Università Europea di Roma, Italy; Luigi Isaia Lecca, University of Cagliari, Italy

                *Correspondence: Bruno Felix, bfelix@ 123456fucape.br

                This article was submitted to Organizational Psychology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology

                Article
                10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01940
                6755336
                31607969
                c8e98712-c057-45ad-8044-328571327369
                Copyright © 2019 Felix and Cavazotte.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 25 March 2019
                : 07 August 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 55, Pages: 14, Words: 0
                Categories
                Psychology
                Original Research

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                unanswered callings,calling enactment,workplace personalization,foregone identities,calling symbols

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