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      Serum CNPY2 isoform 2 represents a novel biomarker for early detection of colorectal cancer

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          Abstract

          Since early diagnosis is very important for treating CRC, we decided to detect peripheral serum canopy fibroblast growth factor signaling regulator 2 (CNPY2) isoform 2 to verify its diagnostic value for CRC patients. Serum samples were collected from 430 CRC patients and 201 healthy controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection kits for CNPY2 isoform 2 were generated and then applied to measure serum CNPY2 isoform 2 concentrations. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were also measured. The median serum CNPY2 isoform 2 concentrations in all CRC patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (all P<0.001). Those with stage I CRC presented the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for CNPY2 isoform 2 [0.707, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.649–0.765, P<0.001]. The diagnostic efficiency of the combination of CNPY2 isoform 2, CEA and CA19-9 was significantly higher than that of each biomarker detected separately (all P<0.0167). Serum CNPY2 isoform 2 may be a valuable biomarker for the early detection of CRC and presents an improvement in the diagnostic efficiency by combination of CEA and CA19-9.

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          Worldwide variations in colorectal cancer.

          Melissa M Center, Ahmedin Jemal, Robert A Smith … (2009)
          Previous studies have documented significant international variations in colorectal cancer rates. However, these studies were limited because they were based on old data or examined only incidence or mortality data. In this article, the colorectal cancer burden and patterns worldwide are described using the most recently updated cancer incidence and mortality data available from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The authors provide 5-year (1998-2002), age-standardized colorectal cancer incidence rates for select cancer registries in IARC's Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, and trends in age-standardized death rates by single calendar year for select countries in the World Health Organization mortality database. In addition, available information regarding worldwide colorectal cancer screening initiatives are presented. The highest colorectal cancer incidence rates in 1998-2002 were observed in registries from North America, Oceania, and Europe, including Eastern European countries. These high rates are most likely the result of increases in risk factors associated with "Westernization," such as obesity and physical inactivity. In contrast, the lowest colorectal cancer incidence rates were observed from registries in Asia, Africa, and South America. Colorectal cancer mortality rates have declined in many longstanding as well as newly economically developed countries; however, they continue to increase in some low-resource countries of South America and Eastern Europe. Various screening options for colorectal cancer are available and further international consideration of targeted screening programs and/or recommendations could help alleviate the burden of colorectal cancer worldwide.
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            Summary receiver operating characteristic curve analysis techniques in the evaluation of diagnostic tests.

            Thanos Athanasiou, Hannah M Jones (2004)
            The number of studies in the literature using summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) analysis of diagnostic accuracy is rising. The SROC is useful in many such meta-analyses, but is often poorly understood by clinicians, and its use can be inappropriate. The academic literature on this topic is not always easy to comprehend. Interpretation is therefore difficult. This report aims to explain the concept of SROC analysis, its advantages, disadvantages, indications, and interpretation for the cardiothoracic surgeon. We use a practical approach to show how SROC analysis can be applied to meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy by using a contrived dataset of studies on virtual bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of airway lesions.
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              The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

              Daniela Gerhard, Lukas Wagner, Elise Feingold … (2004)
              The National Institutes of Health's Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) project was designed to generate and sequence a publicly accessible cDNA resource containing a complete open reading frame (ORF) for every human and mouse gene. The project initially used a random strategy to select clones from a large number of cDNA libraries from diverse tissues. Candidate clones were chosen based on 5'-EST sequences, and then fully sequenced to high accuracy and analyzed by algorithms developed for this project. Currently, more than 11,000 human and 10,000 mouse genes are represented in MGC by at least one clone with a full ORF. The random selection approach is now reaching a saturation point, and a transition to protocols targeted at the missing transcripts is now required to complete the mouse and human collections. Comparison of the sequence of the MGC clones to reference genome sequences reveals that most cDNA clones are of very high sequence quality, although it is likely that some cDNAs may carry missense variants as a consequence of experimental artifact, such as PCR, cloning, or reverse transcriptase errors. Recently, a rat cDNA component was added to the project, and ongoing frog (Xenopus) and zebrafish (Danio) cDNA projects were expanded to take advantage of the high-throughput MGC pipeline.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Aging (Albany NY)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Aging (Albany NY)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Aging
                Title: Aging (Albany NY)
                Publisher: Impact Journals
                ISSN (Electronic): 1945-4589
                Publication date Collection: August 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 02 August 2018
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 8
                Pages: 1921-1931
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, , Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
                [2 ]Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, , Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
                [3 ]Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, , Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
                [4 ]School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, , Guangdong P. R. China
                [5 ]Senboll Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Pingshan Bio-Pharmacy Business Accelerator, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, , Guangdong, 518000, P. R. China
                [* ]Equal contribution
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Yujing Fang; email: fangyj@ 123456sysucc.org.cn
                Correspondence to: Desen Wan; email: wands@ 123456sysucc.org.cn
                Article
                Publisher ID: 101512
                DOI: 10.18632/aging.101512
                PMC ID: 6128441
                PubMed ID: 30070972
                SO-VID: c95ff1e2-a1f4-42e7-b140-43ba13fa75e7
                Copyright © Copyright © 2018 Peng et al.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 12 July 2018
                Date accepted : 27 July 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Research Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cell biology
                Keywords: cnpy2 isoform 2,colorectal cancer,diagnosis,combination
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cell biology
                Keywords: cnpy2 isoform 2, colorectal cancer, diagnosis, combination

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