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      Identifying predictors of patient radiation dose during uterine artery embolisation

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Uterine artery embolisation (UAE) is regarded as a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids and/or adenomyosis. Dose reduction during UAE is critical for this reproductive‐age patient population to minimise the risks of radiation‐induced effects. The aim of this study was to identify the predictors of radiation dose which can be controlled and optimised for patients during UAE.

          Methods

          A total of 150 patients between June 2018 and August 2019 were included in this study. Demographic and clinical information such as age, body mass index (BMI), total number of fibroids, total fibroid volume, total uterus volume and dosimetric measurements on Dose Area Product (DAP), Air Kerma (AK) and fluoroscopy time were recorded. Total digital subtraction angiography (DSA), total conventional roadmap (CRM), total last‐image hold (LIH) and total fluoroscopy were calculated from the dose report. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictor variables of total dose (DAP) using a regression model.

          Results

          Total DSA, total CRM and total LIH were identified as the determinants of dose for UAE ( P < 0.05) and together accounted for 95.2% of the variance.

          Conclusions

          This study identified the key imaging predictors of dose for UAE. Total DSA, total CRM and total LIH were shown to have a greater impact on the outcome DAP compared to other demographic or dosimetric measurements. Optimisation of these predictors during future UAE procedures can facilitate radiation dose reduction to the pelvis and reproductive organs.

          Abstract

          The predictors of patient radiation dose have been identified for the interventional radiology procedure known as uterine artery embolisation (UAE). A regression model entered and identified total digital subtraction angiography (DSA), total conventional roadmap (CRM) and total last‐image hold (LIH) as the determinants of dose over demographic and other angiographic variables. Control of these dose predictors can potentially minimise radiation dose exposure to this reproductive‐age patient population. Dose optimisation can be attained to reduce the risks of tissue effects and/or stochastic effects associated with irradiating the pelvis region.

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          Most cited references30

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          Validation, updating and impact of clinical prediction rules: a review.

          To provide an overview of the research steps that need to follow the development of diagnostic or prognostic prediction rules. These steps include validity assessment, updating (if necessary), and impact assessment of clinical prediction rules. Narrative review covering methodological and empirical prediction studies from primary and secondary care. In general, three types of validation of previously developed prediction rules can be distinguished: temporal, geographical, and domain validations. In case of poor validation, the validation data can be used to update or adjust the previously developed prediction rule to the new circumstances. These update methods differ in extensiveness, with the easiest method a change in model intercept to the outcome occurrence at hand. Prediction rules -- with or without updating -- showing good performance in (various) validation studies may subsequently be subjected to an impact study, to demonstrate whether they change physicians' decisions, improve clinically relevant process parameters, patient outcome, or reduce costs. Finally, whether a prediction rule is implemented successfully in clinical practice depends on several potential barriers to the use of the rule. The development of a diagnostic or prognostic prediction rule is just a first step. We reviewed important aspects of the subsequent steps in prediction research.
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            Fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures: a review of radiation effects on patients' skin and hair.

            Most advice currently available with regard to fluoroscopic skin reactions is based on a table published in 1994. Many caveats in that report were not included in later reproductions, and subsequent research has yielded additional insights. This review is a consensus report of current scientific data. Expected skin reactions for an average patient are presented in tabular form as a function of peak skin dose and time after irradiation. The text and table indicate the variability of reactions in different patients. Images of injuries to skin and underlying tissues in patients and animals are provided and are categorized according to the National Cancer Institute skin toxicity scale, offering a basis for describing cutaneous radiation reactions in interventional fluoroscopy and quantifying their clinical severity. For a single procedure performed in most individuals, noticeable skin changes are observed approximately 1 month after a peak skin dose exceeding several grays. The degree of injury to skin and subcutaneous tissue increases with dose. Specialized wound care may be needed when irradiation exceeds 10 Gy. Residual effects from radiation therapy and from previous procedures influence the response of skin and subcutaneous tissues to subsequent procedures. Skin irradiated to a dose higher than 3-5 Gy often looks normal but reacts abnormally when irradiation is repeated. If the same area of skin is likely to be exposed to levels higher than a few grays, the effects of previous irradiation should be included when estimating the expected tissue reaction from the additional procedure. (c) RSNA, 2010.
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              Relationships between body mass index and well-being in young Australian women.

              To explore relationships between body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and indicators of health and well-being in young Australian women. Population based cohort study--baseline cross sectional data. 14,779 women aged 18-23 who participated in the baseline survey of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health in 1996. Self-reported height, weight, medical conditions, symptoms and SF-36. The majority of women (68%) had a BMI in the range 18.5- or =30. After adjustment for area of residence, age, education, smoking and exercise, women in the highest BMI category (> or =30) were more likely to report hypertension, asthma, headaches, back pain, sleeping difficulties, irregular periods, and more visits to their medical practitioner. They were also more likely to have given birth at least once, and less likely to report 'low iron'. Women with low BMI (<18.5) were more likely to report irregular periods and 'low iron'. Mean scores on the SF-36 sub-scales for physical functioning, general health and vitality were highest for women with BMI in the range 18.5-25. Acknowledging the limits of the cross-sectional nature of the data, the results show that the deleterious effects of overweight can be seen at a comparatively young age, and that BMI <25 is associated with fewer indicators of morbidity in young women. However, as BMI <18.5 is associated with low iron and irregular periods, care should be taken when developing strategies to prevent overweight in young women, not to encourage women with healthy weight to strive for a lower BMI.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                donjohnson.nocum@sah.org.au
                Journal
                J Med Radiat Sci
                J Med Radiat Sci
                10.1002/(ISSN)2051-3909
                JMRS
                Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                2051-3895
                2051-3909
                13 November 2020
                June 2021
                : 68
                : 2 ( doiID: 10.1002/jmrs.v68.2 )
                : 131-138
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] San Radiology & Nuclear Medicine Sydney Adventist Hospital Wahroonga New South Wales Australia
                [ 2 ] Discipline of Medical Imaging Science School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney New South Wales Australia
                [ 3 ] Discipline of Exercise and Sports Science School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney New South Wales Australia
                [ 4 ] Department of Radiology Sydney Adventist Hospital Clinical School University of Sydney Wahroonga New South Wales Australia
                [ 5 ] Faculty of Medicine School of Medical Sciences University of New South Wales New South Wales Australia
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Don J. Nocum, SAN Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Sydney Adventist Hospital, 185 Fox Valley Road, Wahroonga 2076, New South Wales, Australia. Tel: +61 02 948 09821; Fax: +61 02 948 09845; Mobile: 0417 949 428.

                Email: donjohnson.nocum@ 123456sah.org.au

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4194-7287
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9357-0990
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6721-6354
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0306-4133
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7382-2684
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7186-4242
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8937-2198
                Article
                JMRS450
                10.1002/jmrs.450
                8168071
                33185033
                c981e3d1-622b-4f71-8326-586e8a30527f
                © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian Society of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy and New Zealand Institute of Medical Radiation Technology

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 20 October 2020
                : 06 February 2020
                : 21 October 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 5, Pages: 8, Words: 6234
                Categories
                Original Article
                Original Articles
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                June 2021
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.0.2 mode:remove_FC converted:01.06.2021

                dose optimisation,interventional radiology,radiation dose,regression analysis,uterine artery embolisation

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