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      Supervivencia y crecimiento de un árbol nativo maderable bajo diferentes coberturas de dosel en el Bosque Atlántico, Misiones, Argentina Translated title: Survival and growth of a timber tree under different canopy coverages in the Atlantic Forest, Misiones, Argentina

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          Abstract

          En la selva, la dinámica de disturbios de origen natural o humano genera cambios en la cobertura arbórea y en la cantidad y la calidad de luz que llega al sotobosque. Los cambios debidos a los disturbios representan un continuo de condiciones microambientales que garantizan la coexistencia de las especies. El conocimiento de los requerimientos de las especies y la evaluación de los microambientes óptimos para su supervivencia y crecimiento permite planificar estrategias de manejo a fin de recuperar áreas forestales degradadas. Trabajamos en un bosque nativo ubicado en San Antonio, Misiones, con una especie nativa de alto valor ecológico y maderero: Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. (cancharana). El objetivo fue evaluar el establecimiento de esta especie bajo diferentes intensidades de cobertura de dosel del bosque. Se establecieron 2 ensayos: uno en macetas, en el que se evaluó la supervivencia y el crecimiento de plantas expuestas a dos condiciones de cobertura natural contrastantes, y otro con plantación a campo en un gradiente de cobertura generado por claros naturales. En ambos ensayos, más de 90% de las plantas de cancharana se establecieron inicialmente en un gradiente muy amplio de cobertura. En macetas, las plantas sin cobertura (sol pleno) fueron afectadas por heladas durante el invierno. A 4 años de realizada la plantación en los claros, la supervivencia fue de 70% y la mayor mortalidad se registró en microambientes con menor incidencia de luz. Concluimos que se puede enriquecer el bosque nativo con cancharana, que el microambiente no afecta la supervivencia durante el primer año, pero que el crecimiento posterior es mayor en posiciones con menor cobertura. La especie tolera cambios abruptos de cobertura, por lo que la limpieza del sotobosque y la apertura de claros benefician su crecimiento.

          Translated abstract

          The natural dynamic of the rainforest generates changes in the canopy coverage and, consequently, in the quality and quantity of light that reaches the understory. Similar effects can be achieved by the anthropogenic selective extraction of trees. The microsites produced by the disturbances represent a continuum of environmental conditions that ensures the coexistence of many species. The knowledge of the requirements of the species and the evaluation of the optimal microenvironments to plant growth are useful to build tools to restore degraded areas. We worked in a native rainforest in San Antonio, Misiones, Argentina, focused in a species that has high timber and ecological value: Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. (cancharana). The aim was to evaluate the establishment of cancharana under different coverage conditions. Two experiments were carried out: a pot experiment in which survivor and growth under two extreme natural coverage were evaluated, and a field experiment in which cancharana was planted in a gradient of coverage produced by natural gaps. In both experiments, more than 90% of the cancharana plants were initially established in a wide gradient of coverage. In the pot experiment, plants without forest coverage (full sun) were damaged by the frost in winter. Four years after the plantation, 70% of the plants survived in the field experiment and mortality was observed mostly in microenvironments with lower light incidence. We conclude that cancharana can establish and survive in many microenvironmental conditions within the rainforest, it acclimates in few months to sudden changes in coverage and, one year after planting, its growth arises with higher availability of light. The species tolerates sudden changes in coverage, therefore the remove of the understory or gap opening stimulate cancharana growth.

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          Kin recognition in an annual plant

          Kin recognition is important in animal social systems. However, though plants often compete with kin, there has been as yet no direct evidence that plants recognize kin in competitive interactions. Here we show in the annual plant Cakile edentula, allocation to roots increased when groups of strangers shared a common pot, but not when groups of siblings shared a pot. Our results demonstrate that plants can discriminate kin in competitive interactions and indicate that the root interactions may provide the cue for kin recognition. Because greater root allocation is argued to increase below-ground competitive ability, the results are consistent with kin selection.
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            GAP-DEPENDENT RECRUITMENT, REALIZED VITAL RATES, AND SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS OF TROPICAL TREES

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              Sapling Survival, Growth, and Recruitment: Relationship to Canopy Height in a Neotropical Forest

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ecoaus
                Ecología austral
                Ecol. austral
                Asociación Argentina de Ecología (Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina )
                1667-782X
                April 2019
                : 29
                : 1
                : 99-111
                Affiliations
                [01] La Plata Buenos Aires orgnameCONICET - Universidad Nacional de La Plata orgdiv1INFIVE Argentina
                [02] La Plata Buenos Aires orgnameCONICET La Plata orgdiv1CCT Argentina
                [05] Corrientes orgnameCONICET Nordeste orgdiv1CCT Argentina
                [06] La Plata Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad Nacional de La Plata orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales Argentina
                [03] Montecarlo Misiones orgnameINTA orgdiv1EEA Argentina
                [04] Misiones orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Misiones orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Argentina
                Article
                S1667-782X2019000100009 S1667-782X(19)02900100009
                10.25260/ea.19.29.1.0.779
                c986cd7d-10a8-49c6-8f87-9ee18aedf7fd

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 June 2018
                : 31 December 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Categories
                Artículo original

                Selva Paranaense,Rainforest,Restauración ecológica,Ecological restoration,Cancharana,Sombra,Shade

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