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      Tissue-Specific Oxidative Stress Modulation by Exercise: A Comparison between MICT and HIIT in an Obese Rat Model

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          Abstract

          Background and Aim

          Exercise is an effective strategy to reduce obesity-induced oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two training modalities (moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT)) on the pro/antioxidant status of different tissues in obese Zucker rats.

          Methods

          Eight-week-old male Zucker rats ( fa/ fa, n = 36) were subdivided in three groups: MICT, HIIT, and control (no exercise) groups. Trained animals ran on a treadmill (0° slope), 5 days/week for 10 weeks (MICT: 51 min at 12 m·min −1; HIIT: 6 sets of 3 min at 10 m·min −1 followed by 4 min at 18 m·min −1). Epididymal (visceral) and subcutaneous adipose tissue, gastrocnemius muscle, and plasma samples were collected to measure oxidative stress markers (advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)), antioxidant system markers (ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities), and prooxidant enzymes (NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities, myeloperoxidase content).

          Results

          Compared with the control, MICT increased GPx and catalase activities and the FRAP level in epididymal adipose tissue. HIIT increased the AOPP level in subcutaneous adipose tissue. In the muscle, HIIT increased both SOD and GPx activities and reduced the AOPP level, whereas MICT increased only SOD activity. Finally, plasma myeloperoxidase content was similarly decreased by both training modalities, whereas oxLDL was reduced only in the MICT group.

          Conclusion

          Both HIIT and MICT improved the pro/antioxidant status. However, HIIT was more efficient than MICT in the skeletal muscle, whereas MICT was more efficient in epididymal adipose tissue. This suggests that oxidative stress responses to HIIT and MICT are tissue-specific. This could result in ROS generation via different pathways in these tissues. From a practical point of view, the two training modalities should be combined to obtain a global response in people with obesity.

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          Most cited references51

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          High-intensity interval running is perceived to be more enjoyable than moderate-intensity continuous exercise: implications for exercise adherence.

          The aim of this study was to objectively quantify ratings of perceived enjoyment using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale following high-intensity interval running versus moderate-intensity continuous running. Eight recreationally active men performed two running protocols consisting of high-intensity interval running (6 × 3 min at 90% VO(2max) interspersed with 6 × 3 min active recovery at 50% VO(2max) with a 7-min warm-up and cool down at 70% VO(2max)) or 50 min moderate-intensity continuous running at 70% VO(2max). Ratings of perceived enjoyment after exercise were higher (P < 0.05) following interval running compared with continuous running (88 ± 6 vs. 61 ± 12) despite higher (P < 0.05) ratings of perceived exertion (14 ± 1 vs. 13 ± 1). There was no difference (P < 0.05) in average heart rate (88 ± 3 vs. 87 ± 3% maximum heart rate), average VO(2) (71 ± 6 vs. 73 ± 4%VO(2max)), total VO(2) (162 ± 16 vs. 166 ± 27 L) or energy expenditure (811 ± 83 vs. 832 ± 136 kcal) between protocols. The greater enjoyment associated with high-intensity interval running may be relevant for improving exercise adherence, since running is a low-cost exercise intervention requiring no exercise equipment and similar relative exercise intensities have previously induced health benefits in patient populations.
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            A spectrophotometric method for determination of catalase activity in small tissue samples.

            A simple and rapid method for determination of catalase activity in small tissue samples is described. Using a new approach, we have exploited the peroxidatic function of catalase for the determination of enzyme activity. The method was based on the reaction of the enzyme with methanol in the presence of an optimal concentration of hydrogen peroxide. The formaldehyde produced was measured spectrophotometrically with 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (Purpald) as a chromogen. With this method, a detection limit of 12.5 ng of purified catalase from bovine liver was possible, and it was successfully applied to microgram amounts of mouse liver and pancreatic islet homogenates. The catalase activity in liver was about 50 times higher than that in pancreatic islets.
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              Myeloperoxidase and cardiovascular disease.

              Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a leukocyte-derived enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a number of reactive oxidant species. In addition to being an integral component of the innate immune response, evidence has emerged that MPO-derived oxidants contribute to tissue damage during inflammation. MPO-catalyzed reactions have been attributed to potentially proatherogenic biological activities throughout the evolution of cardiovascular disease, including during initiation, propagation, and acute complication phases of the atherosclerotic process. As a result, MPO and its downstream inflammatory pathways represent attractive targets for both prognostication and therapeutic intervention in the prophylaxis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Oxid Med Cell Longev
                Oxid Med Cell Longev
                OMCL
                Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
                Hindawi
                1942-0900
                1942-0994
                2019
                14 July 2019
                : 2019
                : 1965364
                Affiliations
                1Univ-Rennes, Laboratoire M2S-EA 7470, F-35000 Rennes, France
                2Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire AME2P, EA 3533, Clermont-Ferrand, France
                3Université Clermont Auvergne, M2iSH, UMR 1071 INSERM, UCS INRA 2018, Clermont-Ferrand, France
                4Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service des Maladies de L'appareil Digestif, Clermont-Ferrand, France
                5INRA, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH, UMR 1019), Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, France
                6Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, LIBM EA 742, Villeurbanne, France
                7Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
                8CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Fernanda Amicarelli

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9819-7291
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6550-8700
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2670-4121
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0692-6352
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2057-061X
                Article
                10.1155/2019/1965364
                6664693
                31396298
                ca157b3f-ea46-4a91-8978-39fe64aaf7ab
                Copyright © 2019 Carole Groussard et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 18 February 2019
                : 16 May 2019
                : 11 June 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: Association F. Aupetit
                Funded by: INRA
                Award ID: USC-2018
                Funded by: Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale
                Award ID: U1071
                Funded by: I-SITE project
                Award ID: CAP 2025
                Funded by: IDEX-ISITE
                Award ID: CAP 20-25
                Funded by: Région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
                Categories
                Research Article

                Molecular medicine
                Molecular medicine

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