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      Combinatorial design of calcium meta phosphate poly(vinyl alcohol) bone-like biocomposites

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          Abstract

          The incidence of degenerative diseases and the ageing population have added to the growing demand for bone grafts. Although autologous bone continues to be the gold standard, limited yield and potential morbidity of the donor site pose considerable challenges. Currently, clinically used synthetic grafts based on calcium phosphates are mechanically brittle and not compliant hence composite scaffolds are expected to be provide viable solutions. In this study we report composites of calcium meta phosphate-poly (vinyl alcohol) with tunable mechanical properties, low swelling and excellent biocompatibility. The elastomeric nature of the composites resist brittle fracture and the scaffolds can be easily shaped to the bone defect by the surgeon. Testing on bone plug shaped specimens of the scaffolds, exhibited superior mechanical properties compared to currently commercially available bone plugs with additional advantages being the ability to increase porosity without compromising properties in compression and degree of swelling, which make these composites promising synthetic alternatives for bone grafts and bone tissue engineering.

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          Most cited references11

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          Poly(vinyl alcohol) physical hydrogels: new vista on a long serving biomaterial.

          Poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA, and physical hydrogels derived thereof have an excellent safety profile and a successful history of biomedical applications. However, these materials are hardly in the focus of biomedical research, largely due to poor opportunities in nano- and micro-scale design associated with PVA hydrogels in their current form. In this review we aim to demonstrate that with PVA, a (sub)molecular control over polymer chemistry translates into fine-tuned supramolecular association of chains and this, in turn, defines macroscopic properties of the material. This nano- to micro- to macro- translation of control is unique for PVA and can now be accomplished using modern tools of macromolecular design. We believe that this strategy affords functionalized PVA physical hydrogels which meet the demands of modern nanobiotechnology and have a potential to become an indispensable tool in the design of biomaterials. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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            Calcium phosphate bone graft substitutes: Failures and hopes

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              Design and characterization of calcium phosphate ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

              Our goal is to review design strategies for the fabrication of calcium phosphate ceramic scaffolds (CPS), in light of their transient role in bone tissue engineering and associated requirements for effective bone regeneration.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                sanjukta.deb@kcl.ac.uk
                Journal
                J Mater Sci Mater Med
                J Mater Sci Mater Med
                Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine
                Springer US (New York )
                0957-4530
                1573-4838
                30 July 2018
                30 July 2018
                2018
                : 29
                : 8
                : 128
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.239826.4, Tissue Engineering & Biophotonics, King’s College London, Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, , Guy’s Hospital, ; London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT UK
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5000-4390
                Article
                6133
                10.1007/s10856-018-6133-6
                6096519
                30062387
                ca3d9f82-1ede-44b4-8f68-e87ca419788f
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                : 21 December 2017
                : 17 July 2018
                Categories
                Special Issue: ESB 2017
                Custom metadata
                © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018

                Materials science
                Materials science

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