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      ACYL-CoA synthetase long-chain 5 polymorphism is associated with weight loss and metabolic changes in response to a partial meal-replacement hypocaloric diet Translated title: El polimorfismo de la ACYL-CoA-sintetasa de cadena larga 5 se asocia a pérdida de peso y cambios metabólicos en respuesta a una dieta hipocalórica parcial de reemplazo

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          Abstract

          Abstract Background: we hypothesize that the acyl CoA synthetase 5 (ACSL5) genotype may influence weight loss secondary to energy restriction. Aims: the aim of our study was to analyze the effects of the rs2419621 genetic variant of the ACSL5 gene on weight change and metabolic parameters after a partial meal-replacement hypocaloric diet. Methods: this was a non-randomized, single-treatment study with a formula-diet in 44 obese subjects with body mass index (BMI) greater than 35 kg/m2. Patients received nutritional education and a modified diet with two intakes of a normocaloric hyperproteic formula during 3 months. Anthropometric parameters and biochemical profile were measured at baseline and after 3 months. The rs2419621 variant of the ACSL5 gene was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: T-allele carriers showed greater improvement in body weight (CC vs. CT + TT; -7.4 ± 2.1 kg vs. -9.3 ± 1.8 kg; p = 0.01), body mass index (-3.1 ± 0.4 kg/m2 vs. -3.4 ± 0.5 kg/m2; p = 0.02), fat mass (-5.2 ± 1.4 kg vs. -6.4 ± 1.2 kg; p = 0.01) and waist circumference (-6.1 ± 1.1 cm vs. -8.6 ± 0.8 cm; p = 0.02) than non-T-allele carriers. Only subjects with the T allele showed significant improvement in triglyceride levels (-4.6 ± 2.4 md/dL vs. -14.4 ± 2.3 mg/dL; p = 0.01). Finally, improvements in insulin (-2.0 ± 0.3 mU/L vs. -4.5 ± 0.5 mU/L; p = 0.01) and HOMA-IR (-0.4 ± 0.2 units vs. -1.3 ± 0.3 units; p = 0.02) were higher in T-allele carriers than in non-T-allele carriers. Conclusions: our data suggest that the genetic variant (rs2419621) of the ACSL5 gene is associated with diet response after a partial-meal replacement intervention, with greater improvements in adiposity and biochemical parameters in subjects with the T allele.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Antecedentes: se hipotetiza que el genotipo de la acil-CoA-sintetasa 5 (ACSL5) podría influir en la pérdida de peso secundaria a la restricción de energía. Objetivos: el objetivo de nuestro estudio fue analizar los efectos de la variante genética rs2419621 del gen ACSL5 sobre el cambio de peso y los parámetros metabólicos después de una dieta hipocalórica parcial de reemplazo. Métodos: estudio no aleatorizado, de centro único, con una fórmula dietética, en 44 sujetos obesos con un índice de masa corporal (IMC) superior a 35 kg/m2. Los pacientes recibieron educación nutricional y una dieta modificada con dos tomas de una fórmula hiperproteica normocalórica durante 3 meses. Los parámetros antropométricos y el perfil bioquímico se determinaron en el tiempo basal y tras 3 meses. La variante rs2419621 del gen ACSL5 se evaluó mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real. Resultados: los portadores del alelo T mostraron mejorías de peso corporal (CC vs. CT + TT; -7,4 ± 2,1 kg vs. -9,3 ± 1,8 kg; p = 0,01), índice de masa corporal (-3,1 ± 0,4 kg/m2 vs. -3,4 ± 0,5 kg/m2; p = 0,02), masa grasa (-5,2 ± 1,4 kg vs. -6,4 ± 1,2 kg; p = 0,01) y circunferencia de la cintura (-6,1 ± 1,1 cm vs. -8,6 ± 0,8 cm; p = 0,02) superiores a las de los portadores de alelos distintos de T. Solo los sujetos con alelo T mostraron una mejoría significativa en los niveles de triglicéridos (-4,6 ± 2,4 md/dL vs. -14,4 ± 2,3 mg/dL; p = 0,01). Por último, la mejoría de la insulina (-2,0 ± 0,3 mU/L vs. -4.5 ± 0.5 mU/L; p = 0,01) y HOMA-IR (-0,4 ± 0,2 unidades vs. -1,3 ± 0,3 unidades; p = 0,02) fueron mayores en los portadores de alelos T que en los portadores de alelos no T. Conclusiones: nuestros resultados sugieren que la variante genética (rs2419621) del gen ACSL5 está asociada a la respuesta a la dieta después una dieta hipocalórica parcial de reemplazo, con una mejoría superior de los parámetros relacionados con la adiposidad y los parámetros bioquímicos en los sujetos con alelo T.

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          National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9·1 million participants.

          Excess bodyweight is a major public health concern. However, few worldwide comparative analyses of long-term trends of body-mass index (BMI) have been done, and none have used recent national health examination surveys. We estimated worldwide trends in population mean BMI. We estimated trends and their uncertainties of mean BMI for adults 20 years and older in 199 countries and territories. We obtained data from published and unpublished health examination surveys and epidemiological studies (960 country-years and 9·1 million participants). For each sex, we used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate mean BMI by age, country, and year, accounting for whether a study was nationally representative. Between 1980 and 2008, mean BMI worldwide increased by 0·4 kg/m(2) per decade (95% uncertainty interval 0·2-0·6, posterior probability of being a true increase >0·999) for men and 0·5 kg/m(2) per decade (0·3-0·7, posterior probability >0·999) for women. National BMI change for women ranged from non-significant decreases in 19 countries to increases of more than 2·0 kg/m(2) per decade (posterior probabilities >0·99) in nine countries in Oceania. Male BMI increased in all but eight countries, by more than 2 kg/m(2) per decade in Nauru and Cook Islands (posterior probabilities >0·999). Male and female BMIs in 2008 were highest in some Oceania countries, reaching 33·9 kg/m(2) (32·8-35·0) for men and 35·0 kg/m(2) (33·6-36·3) for women in Nauru. Female BMI was lowest in Bangladesh (20·5 kg/m(2), 19·8-21·3) and male BMI in Democratic Republic of the Congo 19·9 kg/m(2) (18·2-21·5), with BMI less than 21·5 kg/m(2) for both sexes in a few countries in sub-Saharan Africa, and east, south, and southeast Asia. The USA had the highest BMI of high-income countries. In 2008, an estimated 1·46 billion adults (1·41-1·51 billion) worldwide had BMI of 25 kg/m(2) or greater, of these 205 million men (193-217 million) and 297 million women (280-315 million) were obese. Globally, mean BMI has increased since 1980. The trends since 1980, and mean population BMI in 2008, varied substantially between nations. Interventions and policies that can curb or reverse the increase, and mitigate the health effects of high BMI by targeting its metabolic mediators, are needed in most countries. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and WHO. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            This is the first study to report the prevalence of general obesity and abdominal obesity (AO) in the adult population of Spain based on measurements of weight, height and waist circumference. The data are taken from the ENRICA study, a cross-sectional study carried out between June 2008 and October 2010 in 12,883 individuals representative of the non-institutionalized population on Spain aged 18 years and older. Anthropometry was performed under standardized conditions in the households by trained interviewers. Overweight was considered as body mass index (BMI) 25-29.9 kg m(-2) , and obesity as BMI ≥ 30 kg m(-2) . AO was defined as waist circumference >102 cm in men and >88 cm in women. The prevalence of obesity was 22.9% (24.4% in men and 21.4% in women). About 36% of adults had AO (32% of men and 39% of women). The frequency of obesity and of AO increased with age and affected, respectively, 35 and 62% of persons aged 65 and over. The frequency of obesity and AO decreased with increasing educational level. For example, 29% of women with primary education or less had obesity vs. only 11% of those with university studies. The prevalence of obesity was very high in the Canary Islands and in the south of Spain. © 2011 The Authors. obesity reviews © 2011 International Association for the Study of Obesity.
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              Weight management using a meal replacement strategy: meta and pooling analysis from six studies.

              Although used by millions of overweight and obese consumers, there has not been a systematic assessment on the safety and effectiveness of a meal replacement strategy for weight management. The aim of this study was to review, by use of a meta- and pooling analysis, the existing literature on the safety and effectiveness of a partial meal replacement (PMR) plan using one or two vitamin/mineral fortified meal replacements as well as regular foods for long-term weight management. A PMR plan was defined as a program that prescribes a low calorie (>800 or=25 kg/m(2), were evaluated. Studies with self-reported weight and height were excluded. Searches in Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Clinical Trials Register from 1960 to January 2001 and from reference lists identified 30 potential studies for analysis. Of these, six met all of the inclusion criteria and used liquid meal replacement products with the associated plan. Overweight and obese subjects were randomized to the PMR plan or a conventional reduced calorie diet (RCD) plan. The prescribed calorie intake was the same for both groups. Authors of the six publications were contacted and asked to supply primary data for analysis. Primary data from the six studies were used for both meta- and pooling analyses. Subjects prescribed either the PMR or RCD treatment plans lost significant amounts of weight at both the 3-month and 1-year evaluation time points. All methods of analysis indicated a significantly greater weight loss in subjects receiving the PMR plan compared to the RCD group. Depending on the analysis and follow-up duration, the PMR group lost approximately 7-8% body weight and the RCD group lost approximately 3-7% body weight. A random effects meta-analysis estimate indicated a 2.54 kg (P<0.01) and 2.43 kg (P=0.14) greater weight loss in the PMR group for the 3-month and 1-y periods, respectively. A pooling analysis of completers showed a greater weight loss in the PMR group of 2.54 kg (P<0.01) and 2.63 kg (P<0.01) during the same time period. Risk factors of disease associated with excess weight improved with weight loss in both groups at the two time points. The degree of improvement was also dependent on baseline risk factor levels. The dropout rate for PMR and RCD groups was equivalent at 3 months and significantly less in the PMR group at 1 y. No reported adverse events were attributable to either weight loss regimen. This first systematic evaluation of randomized controlled trials utilizing PMR plans for weight management suggests that these types of interventions can safely and effectively produce significant sustainable weight loss and improve weight-related risk factors of disease.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                August 2020
                : 37
                : 4
                : 757-762
                Affiliations
                [2] Valladolid Castilla y León orgnameUniversidad de Valladolid orgdiv1Centro de Investigación de Endocrinología y Nutrición Spain
                [1] Valladolid orgnameHospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid orgdiv1Endocrinology and Nutrition Service Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112020000500016 S0212-1611(20)03700400016
                10.20960/nh.03019
                ca44413e-2979-48db-98cd-7d25cec47822

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 January 2020
                : 31 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Papers

                Weight loss,rs2419621,Meal replacement,Hypocaloric diet,ACSL5,Pérdida de peso,Reemplazo de comida,Dieta hipocalórica

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