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      225 years of Bering Sea climate and ecosystem dynamics revealed by coralline algal growth-increment widths

      , , , , , , , ,
      Geology
      Geological Society of America

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          Decadal atmosphere-ocean variations in the Pacific

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            A major ecosystem shift in the northern Bering Sea.

            Until recently, northern Bering Sea ecosystems were characterized by extensive seasonal sea ice cover, high water column and sediment carbon production, and tight pelagic-benthic coupling of organic production. Here, we show that these ecosystems are shifting away from these characteristics. Changes in biological communities are contemporaneous with shifts in regional atmospheric and hydrographic forcing. In the past decade, geographic displacement of marine mammal population distributions has coincided with a reduction of benthic prey populations, an increase in pelagic fish, a reduction in sea ice, and an increase in air and ocean temperatures. These changes now observed on the shallow shelf of the northern Bering Sea should be expected to affect a much broader portion of the Pacific-influenced sector of the Arctic Ocean.
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              Sequential megafaunal collapse in the North Pacific Ocean: an ongoing legacy of industrial whaling?

              Populations of seals, sea lions, and sea otters have sequentially collapsed over large areas of the northern North Pacific Ocean and southern Bering Sea during the last several decades. A bottom-up nutritional limitation mechanism induced by physical oceanographic change or competition with fisheries was long thought to be largely responsible for these declines. The current weight of evidence is more consistent with top-down forcing. Increased predation by killer whales probably drove the sea otter collapse and may have been responsible for the earlier pinniped declines as well. We propose that decimation of the great whales by post-World War II industrial whaling caused the great whales' foremost natural predators, killer whales, to begin feeding more intensively on the smaller marine mammals, thus "fishing-down" this element of the marine food web. The timing of these events, information on the abundance, diet, and foraging behavior of both predators and prey, and feasibility analyses based on demographic and energetic modeling are all consistent with this hypothesis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Geology
                Geological Society of America
                1943-2682
                0091-7613
                June 2011
                June 01 2011
                June 2011
                June 2011
                June 01 2011
                June 2011
                : 39
                : 6
                : 579-582
                Article
                10.1130/G31996.1
                ca51e2ef-476c-4448-8ad6-462486dc4027
                © 2011
                History

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