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      Clinical significance of minimal residual disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its relationship to other prognostic factors: a Children's Oncology Group study.

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          Abstract

          Minimal residual disease (MRD) is an important predictor of relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but its relationship to other prognostic variables has not been fully assessed. The Children's Oncology Group studied the prognostic impact of MRD measured by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood at day 8, and in end-induction (day 29) and end-consolidation marrows in 2143 children with precursor B-cell ALL (B-ALL). The presence of MRD in day-8 blood and day-29 marrow MRD was associated with shorter event-free survival (EFS) in all risk groups; even patients with 0.01% to 0.1% day-29 MRD had poor outcome compared with patients negative for MRD patients (59% +/- 5% vs 88% +/- 1% 5-year EFS). Presence of good prognostic markers TEL-AML1 or trisomies of chromosomes 4 and 10 still provided additional prognostic information, but not in National Cancer Institute high-risk (NCI HR) patients who were MRD(+). The few patients with detectable MRD at end of consolidation fared especially poorly, with only a 43% plus or minus 7% 5-year EFS. Day-29 marrow MRD was the most important prognostic variable in multi-variate analysis. The 12% of patients with all favorable risk factors, including NCI risk group, genetics, and absence of days 8 and 29 MRD, had a 97% plus or minus 1% 5-year EFS with nonintensive therapy. These studies are registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005585, NCT00005596, and NCT00005603.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Blood
          Blood
          American Society of Hematology
          1528-0020
          0006-4971
          Jun 15 2008
          : 111
          : 12
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. mborowit@jhmi.edu
          Article
          S0006-4971(20)47081-8
          10.1182/blood-2008-01-132837
          2424148
          18388178
          ca569601-71fb-4f9c-8cc7-0151007d625c
          History

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