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      Development of Microdroplet Generation Method for Organic Solvents Used in Chemical Synthesis

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          Abstract

          Recently, chemical operations with microfluidic devices, especially droplet-based operations, have attracted considerable attention because they can provide an isolated small-volume reaction field. However, analysis of these operations has been limited mostly to aqueous-phase reactions in water droplets due to device material restrictions. In this study, we have successfully demonstrated droplet formation of five common organic solvents frequently used in chemical synthesis by using a simple silicon/glass-based microfluidic device. When an immiscible liquid with surfactant was used as the continuous phase, the organic solvent formed droplets similar to water-in-oil droplets in the device. In contrast to conventional microfluidic devices composed of resins, which are susceptible to swelling in organic solvents, the developed microfluidic device did not undergo swelling owing to the high chemical resistance of the constituent materials. Therefore, the device has potential applications for various chemical reactions involving organic solvents. Furthermore, this droplet generation device enabled control of droplet size by adjusting the liquid flow rate. The droplet generation method proposed in this work will contribute to the study of organic reactions in microdroplets and will be useful for evaluating scaling effects in various chemical reactions.

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          Most cited references38

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          Highly Parallel Genome-wide Expression Profiling of Individual Cells Using Nanoliter Droplets.

          Cells, the basic units of biological structure and function, vary broadly in type and state. Single-cell genomics can characterize cell identity and function, but limitations of ease and scale have prevented its broad application. Here we describe Drop-seq, a strategy for quickly profiling thousands of individual cells by separating them into nanoliter-sized aqueous droplets, associating a different barcode with each cell's RNAs, and sequencing them all together. Drop-seq analyzes mRNA transcripts from thousands of individual cells simultaneously while remembering transcripts' cell of origin. We analyzed transcriptomes from 44,808 mouse retinal cells and identified 39 transcriptionally distinct cell populations, creating a molecular atlas of gene expression for known retinal cell classes and novel candidate cell subtypes. Drop-seq will accelerate biological discovery by enabling routine transcriptional profiling at single-cell resolution. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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            Microfluidics: Fluid physics at the nanoliter scale

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              Microfluidic diagnostic technologies for global public health.

              The developing world does not have access to many of the best medical diagnostic technologies; they were designed for air-conditioned laboratories, refrigerated storage of chemicals, a constant supply of calibrators and reagents, stable electrical power, highly trained personnel and rapid transportation of samples. Microfluidic systems allow miniaturization and integration of complex functions, which could move sophisticated diagnostic tools out of the developed-world laboratory. These systems must be inexpensive, but also accurate, reliable, rugged and well suited to the medical and social contexts of the developing world.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Molecules
                Molecules
                molecules
                Molecules
                MDPI
                1420-3049
                17 November 2020
                November 2020
                : 25
                : 22
                : 5360
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Electronic and Physical Systems, School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan; c_tang@ 123456shoji.comm.waseda.ac.jp (C.T.); shojis@ 123456waseda.jp (S.S.)
                [2 ]Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 5-1-3 Waseda-tsurumakicho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan; d.tanaka@ 123456ruri.waseda.jp (D.T.); yoon@ 123456shoji.comm.waseda.ac.jp (D.H.Y.); y.nozaki@ 123456aoni.waseda.jp (Y.N.); t-sekiguchi@ 123456waseda.jp (T.S.)
                [3 ]Advanced Research Laboratory, Canon Medical Systems Corporation, 1385 Shimoishigami, Otawara-shi, Tochigi 324-0036, Japan; hiroyuki12.fujita@ 123456medical.canon
                [4 ]Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0825, Japan; akitsu2@ 123456rs.tus.ac.jp
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: hattori@ 123456shoji.comm.waseda.ac.jp ; Tel.: +81-3-5286-3384
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-4370
                Article
                molecules-25-05360
                10.3390/molecules25225360
                7697074
                33212771
                ca5d92d4-7676-47e2-ab81-991978e92099
                © 2020 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 02 October 2020
                : 15 November 2020
                Categories
                Article

                microfluidics,microdroplets,organic solvents,organic droplets

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