For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search

43
views
110
references
 Top references
273
cited by
 Most cited
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      744
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

      Author(s): , Prof, MD a , * , , MD a , , MD b

      Publication date (Electronic):

      Journal: Lancet (London, England)

      Publisher: Elsevier Ltd.

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Summary

          Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by progressive airflow obstruction that is only partly reversible, inflammation in the airways, and systemic effects or comorbities. The main cause is smoking tobacco, but other factors have been identified. Several pathobiological processes interact on a complex background of genetic determinants, lung growth, and environmental stimuli. The disease is further aggravated by exacerbations, particularly in patients with severe disease, up to 78% of which are due to bacterial infections, viral infections, or both. Comorbidities include ischaemic heart disease, diabetes, and lung cancer. Bronchodilators constitute the mainstay of treatment: β 2 agonists and long-acting anticholinergic agents are frequently used (the former often with inhaled corticosteroids). Besides improving symptoms, these treatments are also thought to lead to some degree of disease modification. Future research should be directed towards the development of agents that notably affect the course of disease.

          Related collections

          Most cited references 110

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper.

           W MacNee,  ,  B Celli (2004)
          Article 0 comments Cited 480 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            The natural history of chronic airflow obstruction.

             Paul C. Fletcher,  R. Peto (1977)
            A prospective epidemiological study of the early stages of the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was performed on London working men. The findings showed that forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) falls gradually over a lifetime, but in most non-smokers and many smokers clinically significant airflow obstruction never develops. In susceptible people, however, smoking causes irreversible obstructive changes. If a susceptible smoker stops smoking he will not recover his lung function, but the average further rates of loss of FEV1 will revert to normal. Therefore, severe or fatal obstructive lung disease could be prevented by screening smokers' lung function in early middle age if those with reduced function could be induced to stop smoking. Infective processes and chronic mucus hypersecretion do not cause chronic airflow obstruction to progress more rapidly. There are thus two largely unrelated disease processes, chronic airflow obstruction and the hypersecretory disorder (including infective processes).
            Article 0 comments Cited 312 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Immunology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

               Peter Barnes (2008)
              Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are both obstructive airway diseases that involve chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract, but the type of inflammation is markedly different between these diseases, with different patterns of inflammatory cells and mediators being involved. As described in this Review, these inflammatory profiles are largely determined by the involvement of different immune cells, which orchestrate the recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells that drive the distinct patterns of structural changes in these diseases. However, it is now becoming clear that the distinction between these diseases becomes blurred in patients with severe asthma, in asthmatic subjects who smoke and during acute exacerbations. This has important implications for the development of new therapies.
              Article 0 comments Cited 287 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Marc Decramer
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Lancet
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Lancet
                Title: Lancet (London, England)
                Publisher: Elsevier Ltd.
                ISSN (Print): 0140-6736
                ISSN (Electronic): 1474-547X
                Publication date PMC-release: 5 February 2012
                Publication date (Print): 7-13 April 2012
                Publication date (Electronic): 5 February 2012
                Volume: 379
                Issue: 9823
                Pages: 1341-1351
                Affiliations
                [a ]Respiratory Division, University Hospital, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
                [b ]Fundació Clinic, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence to: Prof Marc Decramer, Respiratory Division, University Hospital, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium marc.decramer@ 123456uzleuven.be
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0140-6736(11)60968-9
                DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60968-9
                PMC ID: 7172377
                PubMed ID: 22314182
                Copyright statement: Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Data availability:

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                Similar content 744

                See all similar

                Cited by 271

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors 2,200

                See all reference authors