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      New Ti-Alloys and Surface Modifications to Improve the Mechanical Properties and the Biological Response to Orthopedic and Dental Implants: A Review

      review-article

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          Abstract

          Titanium implants are widely used in the orthopedic and dentistry fields for many decades, for joint arthroplasties, spinal and maxillofacial reconstructions, and dental prostheses. However, despite the quite satisfactory survival rates failures still exist. New Ti-alloys and surface treatments have been developed, in an attempt to overcome those failures. This review provides information about new Ti-alloys that provide better mechanical properties to the implants, such as superelasticity, mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies, which investigate the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of these new biomaterials, are introduced. In addition, data regarding the bioactivity of new surface treatments and surface topographies on Ti-implants is provided. The aim of this paper is to discuss the current trends, advantages, and disadvantages of new titanium-based biomaterials, fabricated to enhance the quality of life of many patients around the world.

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          Stabilization of metallic supercooled liquid and bulk amorphous alloys

          Akihisa Inoue (2000)
          Article 0 comments Cited 554 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Surface treatments of titanium dental implants for rapid osseointegration.

            L Le Guéhennec, A Soueidan, P Layrolle … (2007)
            The osseointegration rate of titanium dental implants is related to their composition and surface roughness. Rough-surfaced implants favor both bone anchoring and biomechanical stability. Osteoconductive calcium phosphate coatings promote bone healing and apposition, leading to the rapid biological fixation of implants. The different methods used for increasing surface roughness or applying osteoconductive coatings to titanium dental implants are reviewed. Surface treatments, such as titanium plasma-spraying, grit-blasting, acid-etching, anodization or calcium phosphate coatings, and their corresponding surface morphologies and properties are described. Most of these surfaces are commercially available and have proven clinical efficacy (>95% over 5 years). The precise role of surface chemistry and topography on the early events in dental implant osseointegration remain poorly understood. In addition, comparative clinical studies with different implant surfaces are rarely performed. The future of dental implantology should aim to develop surfaces with controlled and standardized topography or chemistry. This approach will be the only way to understand the interactions between proteins, cells and tissues, and implant surfaces. The local release of bone stimulating or resorptive drugs in the peri-implant region may also respond to difficult clinical situations with poor bone quality and quantity. These therapeutic strategies should ultimately enhance the osseointegration process of dental implants for their immediate loading and long-term success.
            Article 0 comments Cited 450 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Titanium alloys in total joint replacement--a materials science perspective.

              Marc Long, H.J. Rack (1998)
              Increased use of titanium alloys as biomaterials is occurring due to their lower modulus, superior biocompatibility and enhanced corrosion resistance when compared to more conventional stainless steels and cobalt-based alloys. These attractive properties were a driving force for the early introduction of alpha (cpTi) and alpha + beta (Ti-6A1-4V) alloys as well as for the more recent development of new Ti-alloy compositions and orthopaedic metastable beta titanium alloys. The later possess enhanced biocompatibility, reduced elastic modulus, and superior strain-controlled and notch fatigue resistance. However, the poor shear strength and wear resistance of titanium alloys have nevertheless limited their biomedical use. Although the wear resistance of beta-Ti alloys has shown some improvement when compared to alpha + beta alloys, the ultimate utility of orthopaedic titanium alloys as wear components will require a more complete fundamental understanding of the wear mechanisms involved. This review examines current information on the physical and mechanical characteristics of titanium alloys used in artifical joint replacement prostheses, with a special focus on those issues associated with the long-term prosthetic requirements, e.g., fatigue and wear.
              Article 0 comments Cited 422 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biomed Res Int
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biomed Res Int
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BMRI
                Title: BioMed Research International
                Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                ISSN (Print): 2314-6133
                ISSN (Electronic): 2314-6141
                Publication date (Print): 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 January 2016
                Volume: 2016
                Electronic Location Identifier: 2908570
                Affiliations
                1Department of Prosthodontics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
                2Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
                3Department of Prosthodontics, University of Otago, School of Dentistry, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
                4Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Physical Metallurgy Laboratory, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
                5Division of Graduate and Postgraduate Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Carla R. Arciola

                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2016/2908570
                PMC ID: 4738729
                PubMed ID: 26885506
                SO-VID: cab1309a-2d61-418b-84b6-a01651878043
                Copyright © Copyright © 2016 Yvoni Kirmanidou et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 27 August 2015
                Date accepted : 30 November 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

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