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      First detection of Colletotrichumfructicola (Ascomycota) on horsehair worms (Nematomorpha)

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          Abstract

          Fungal members of Colletotrichum ( Ascomycota ) were found to be associated with Chordodes formosanus , one of the three currently known horsehair worm ( Nematomorpha ) species in Taiwan. The fungi were identified as Colletotrichum fructicola , which is mostly known as a plant pathogen, through the use of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and partial large subunit (nrITS + nrLSU) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) DNA sequences. To our knowledge, this report represents both the first records for Colletotrichum associated with hairworms and for fungi on Nematomorpha . These findings expand the knowledge on the ecological relationships of both clades.

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          MAFFT Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: Improvements in Performance and Usability

          Kazutaka Katoh, Daron Standley (2013)
          We report a major update of the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. This version has several new features, including options for adding unaligned sequences into an existing alignment, adjustment of direction in nucleotide alignment, constrained alignment and parallel processing, which were implemented after the previous major update. This report shows actual examples to explain how these features work, alone and in combination. Some examples incorrectly aligned by MAFFT are also shown to clarify its limitations. We discuss how to avoid misalignments, and our ongoing efforts to overcome such limitations.
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            MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms.

            Sudhir Kumar, Glen Stecher, Michael KaWah Li … (2018)
            The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (Mega) software implements many analytical methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. Here, we report a transformation of Mega to enable cross-platform use on Microsoft Windows and Linux operating systems. Mega X does not require virtualization or emulation software and provides a uniform user experience across platforms. Mega X has additionally been upgraded to use multiple computing cores for many molecular evolutionary analyses. Mega X is available in two interfaces (graphical and command line) and can be downloaded from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
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              Basic local alignment search tool.

              Stephen F Altschul, Warren Gish, Webb Miller … (1990)
              A new approach to rapid sequence comparison, basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), directly approximates alignments that optimize a measure of local similarity, the maximal segment pair (MSP) score. Recent mathematical results on the stochastic properties of MSP scores allow an analysis of the performance of this method as well as the statistical significance of alignments it generates. The basic algorithm is simple and robust; it can be implemented in a number of ways and applied in a variety of contexts including straightforward DNA and protein sequence database searches, motif searches, gene identification searches, and in the analysis of multiple regions of similarity in long DNA sequences. In addition to its flexibility and tractability to mathematical analysis, BLAST is an order of magnitude faster than existing sequence comparison tools of comparable sensitivity.
              Article 0 comments Cited 8759 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Mattia De Vivo:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9115-1941
                Ko-Hsuan Chen
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biodivers Data J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biodivers Data J
                Journal ID (publisher-id): 1
                Journal ID (index): urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:F9B2E808-C883-5F47-B276-6D62129E4FF4
                Journal ID (aggregator): urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:245B00E9-BFE5-4B4F-B76E-15C30BA74C02
                Title: Biodiversity Data Journal
                Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
                ISSN (Print): 1314-2836
                ISSN (Electronic): 1314-2828
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 23 September 2021
                Volume: 9
                Electronic Location Identifier: e72798
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
                [2 ] Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
                [3 ] Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
                Author notes
                Corresponding authors: Mattia De Vivo ( mattiadevivopatalano@ 123456gmail.com ), Ko-Hsuan Chen ( kohsuanchen@ 123456gate.sinica.edu.tw ).

                Academic editor: Ning Jiang

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9115-1941
                Article
                Publisher ID: 72798 Publisher-manuscript ID: 17682
                DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e72798
                PMC ID: 8484196
                SO-VID: cad97139-353b-4863-afaa-fca6b12f24c1
                Copyright © Mattia De Vivo, Wen-Hong Wang, Ko-Hsuan Chen, Jen-Pan Huang
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 10 August 2021
                Date accepted : 06 September 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 0, References: 33
                Funding
                Funded by: Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan 501100004663 http://doi.org/10.13039/501100004663
                Categories
                Subject: Short Communication

                Keywords: nematomorpha ,taiwan, colletotrichum ,horsehair worms, chordodes formosanus ,fungi
                Data availability:
                Keywords: nematomorpha , taiwan, colletotrichum , horsehair worms, chordodes formosanus , fungi

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