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      The 2015 National Canadian Homeless Youth Survey: Mental Health and Addiction Findings

      1 , 2 , 3
      The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
      SAGE Publications

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          Abstract

          <div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="d978614e131"> <!-- named anchor --> </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d978614e132">Objective:</h5> <p id="d978614e134">This study was designed to provide a representative description of the mental health of youth accessing homelessness services in Canada. It is the most extensive survey in this area to date and is intended to inform the development of mental health and addiction service and policy for this marginalized population. </p> </div><div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="d978614e136"> <!-- named anchor --> </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d978614e137">Methods:</h5> <p id="d978614e139">This study reports mental health–related data from the 2015 “Leaving Home” national youth homelessness survey, which was administered through 57 agencies serving homeless youth in 42 communities across the country. This self-reported, point-in-time survey assessed a broad range of demographic information, pre-homelessness and homelessness variables, and mental health indicators. </p> </div><div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="d978614e141"> <!-- named anchor --> </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d978614e142">Results:</h5> <p id="d978614e144">Survey data were obtained from 1103 youth accessing Canadian homelessness services in the Nunavut territory and all Canadian provinces except for Prince Edward Island. Forty-two per cent of participants reported 1 or more suicide attempts, 85.4% fell in a high range of psychological distress, and key indicators of risk included an earlier age of the first episode of homelessness, female gender, and identifying as a sexual and/or gender minority (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and 2 spirit [LGBTQ2S]). </p> </div><div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="d978614e146"> <!-- named anchor --> </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d978614e147">Conclusions:</h5> <p id="d978614e149">This study provides clear and compelling evidence of a need for mental health support for these youth, particularly LGBTQ2S youth and female youth. The mental health concerns observed here, however, must be considered in the light of the tremendous adversity in all social determinants faced by these youth, with population-level interventions best leveraged in prevention and rapid response. </p> </div><div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="d978614e153"> <!-- named anchor --> </a>Objectif: <p id="d978614e156">Cette étude visait à offrir une description représentative de la santé mentale des jeunes utilisant les services aux sans-abri au Canada. Il s’agit de l’enquête la plus poussée dans ce domaine jusqu’ici, et elle tend à informer l’élaboration des services et des politiques de santé mentale et de toxicomanie pour cette population marginalisée. </p> </div><div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="d978614e158"> <!-- named anchor --> </a>Méthodes: <p id="d978614e161">Cette étude présente les données liées à la santé mentale de Sans domicile: un sondage national sur l’itinérance chez les jeunes de 2015 qui a été administré par 57 organismes offrant des services aux jeunes itinérants de 42 collectivités du pays. Ce sondage auto-déclaré, ponctuel évaluait une vaste gamme de données démographiques, des variables avant et après l’itinérance, ainsi que des indicateurs de la santé mentale. </p> </div><div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="d978614e163"> <!-- named anchor --> </a>Résultats: <p id="d978614e166">Les données du sondage ont été obtenues auprès de 1 103 jeunes utilisant les services canadiens aux sans-abri dans le territoire du Nunavut et dans toutes les provinces canadiennes sauf l’Île-du-Prince-Édouard. Quarante-deux pour cent des participants ont déclaré une ou plusieurs tentatives de suicide, 85,4% se classaient dans une échelle élevée de détresse psychologique, et les indicateurs de risque clés étaient notamment l’âge précoce du premier épisode d’itinérance, le sexe féminin, et le fait de s’identifier à une minorité sexuelle ou de genre (LGBTQ2S). </p> </div><div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="d978614e168"> <!-- named anchor --> </a>Conclusions: <p id="d978614e171">Cette étude présente des preuves nettes et convaincantes du besoin de soutiens de santé mentale pour ces jeunes, en particulier pour les jeunes hommes et femmes de la communauté LGBTQ2S. Les problèmes de santé mentale observés ici, cependant, doivent être considérés à la lumière de l’adversité extraordinaire de tous les déterminants sociaux à laquelle font face ces jeunes, et les interventions au niveau de la population devraient miser sur la prévention et la réponse rapide. </p> </div>

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          Most cited references20

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          Mean Streets

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            A Review of the Resilience Scale

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              Development and validation of the GAIN Short Screener (GSS) for internalizing, externalizing and substance use disorders and crime/violence problems among adolescents and adults.

              The Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN)1 is a 1-2 hour standardized biopsychosocial that integrates clinical and research assessment for people presenting to substance abuse treatment. The GAIN - Short Screener (GSS) is 3-5 minute screener to quickly identify those who would have a disorder based on the full 60-120 minute GAIN and triage the problem and kind of intervention they are likely to need along four dimensions (internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders, substance disorders, and crime/violence). Data were collected from 6,177 adolescents and 1,805 adults as part of 77 studies in three dozen locations around the United States that used the GAIN. For both adolescents and adults the 20-item total disorder screener (TDScr) and its four 5-item sub-screeners (internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders, substance disorders, and crime/violence) has good internal consistency (alpha of .96 on total screener), is highly correlated (r = .84 to .94) with the 123-item longer scales in the full GAIN. The GSS also does well in terms of its receiver operator characteristics (90% or more under the curve in all analyses) and has clinical decision-making cut points with excellent sensitivity (90% or more) for identifying people with a disorder and excellent specificity (92% or more) for correctly ruling out people who did not have a disorder. The GSS has good potential as an efficient screener for identifying people with co-occurring disorders across multiple systems and routing them to the right services and more detailed assessments.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
                Can J Psychiatry
                SAGE Publications
                0706-7437
                1497-0015
                July 06 2017
                July 2017
                April 03 2017
                July 2017
                : 62
                : 7
                : 493-500
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
                [2 ]Faculty of Education, York University, Toronto, Ontario
                [3 ]Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario
                Article
                10.1177/0706743717702076
                5528986
                28372467
                cae2ffcd-5cdf-48cc-8cee-a15119449a36
                © 2017

                http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license

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