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      The dynamics of a frictionally-dominated Amazonian estuary

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          Abstract

          The hydrodynamics, morphology and sedimentology of the Taperaçu estuary were investigated. This is one of several estuaries located within the largest mangrove fringe in the world, bordering the Amazon region, subject to a macrotidal regime and regionally atypical negligible fresh water supply. The results reveal widespread sand banks that occupy the central portion of the estuarine cross-section. Well-sorted very fine sandy sediments of marine origin prevail. Shorter flood phases, with substantially higher current velocities, were observed in the upper sector of Taperaçu, as expected for a shallow, friction-dominated estuary. However, ebb domination can be expected for estuaries with large associated mangrove areas and substantial estuarine infilling, both of which situations occur on the Taperaçu. The tidal asymmetry favoring flood currents could be the result of the absence of an effective fluvial discharge. Furthermore, it was observed that the Taperaçu is connected by tidal creeks to the neighboring Caeté estuary, allowing a stronger flux during the flood and intensifying the higher flood currents. As a whole, the results have shown a complex interaction of morphological aspects (friction, fluvial drainage, connections with neighbor estuaries, infilling and large storage area) in determining hydrodynamic patterns, thus improving the understanding of Amazon estuaries.

          Translated abstract

          A hidrodinâmica, morfologia e sedimentologia do estuário do Taperaçu foram investigadas. Este é um entre vários estuários do litoral amazônico que integram a maior extensão contínua de manguezais do mundo, apresentando uma descarga de água doce muito reduzida, atípica para a região. Os resultados revelam grandes bancos arenosos que ocupam em grande parte a porção central do estuário. Areias muito finas e bem selecionadas de origem marinha prevalecem. Fases de enchente mais curtas, com velocidades de corrente substancialmente mais altas, são observadas na porção superior do estuário, como esperado para um estuário raso e dominado por fricção. Por outro lado, uma vazante mais intensa poderia ocorrer como resultado de grandes áreas de manguezais associadas e intenso preenchimento estuarino, sendo que ambas as condições são observadas no Taperaçu. Neste caso, a prevalência da enchente parece estar associada à ausência de uma descarga fluvial efetiva. Além disso, alguns canais de maré conectam o Taperaçu com seu vizinho estuário do Caeté, o que contribuiria para o domínio de enchente. Como um todo, os resultados demonstram uma complexa interação de aspectos de configuração (fricção, drenagem fluvial, conexões com estuários vizinhos, preenchimento e grandes áreas intermareais) na determinação dos padrões hidrodinâmicos, contribuindo para o entendimento dos estuários da região amazônica.

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          Most cited references48

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          HYPSOMETRIC (AREA-ALTITUDE) ANALYSIS OF EROSIONAL TOPOGRAPHY

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            Estuarine facies models; conceptual basis and stratigraphic implications

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              Storage and remobilization of suspended sediment in the lower Amazon river of Brazil.

              In the lower Amazon River, suspended sediment is stored during rising stages of the river and resuspended during falling river stages. The storage and resuspension in the reach are related to the mean slope of the flood wave on the river surface; this slope is smaller during rising river stages than during falling stages. The pattern of storage and resuspension damps out the extreme values of high and low sediment discharge and tends to keep them near the mean value between 3.0 x 10(6) and 3.5 x 10(6) metric tons per day. Mean annual discharge of suspended sediment in the lower Amazon is between 1.1 x 10(9) and 1.3 x 10(9) metric tons per year.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bjoce
                Brazilian Journal of Oceanography
                Braz. j. oceanogr.
                Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1679-8759
                1982-436X
                September 2012
                : 60
                : 3
                : 391-403
                Affiliations
                [01] Bragança PA orgnameUniversidade Federal do Pará orgdiv1Instituto de Estudos Costeiros Brasil
                [03] São Paulo SP orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Instituto Oceanográfico Brasil
                [04] Macapá AP orgnameInstituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá orgdiv1Centro de Pesquisas Aquáticas Brasil
                [02] Recife PE orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco orgdiv1Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências orgdiv2Departamento de Oceanografia Brasil
                Article
                S1679-87592012000300011 S1679-8759(12)06000300011
                10.1590/S1679-87592012000300011
                caff7846-80c7-46d6-8471-5c29e2dc20b0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 October 2012
                : 19 August 2012
                : 19 October 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)

                Litoral Amazônico,Amazon coast,Assimetria de maré,Hidrodinâmica,Preenchimento Estuarino,estuarine infilling,tidal asymmetry,hydrodynamics

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