Genetic parameters and combined selection for phosphorus, phytate, iron, and zinc in Mesoamerican common bean lines

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Abstract

ABSTRACT The development of common bean cultivars that contain satisfactory minerals and phytate concentrations for the different nutritional requirements of consumers is a new strategy of breeding programs. This work aimed to obtain estimates of genetic parameters for the concentrations of phosphorus, phytate, iron, and zinc in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of Mesoamerican common bean, to study the correlations between these traits, and to select common bean lines for the biofortification program and for diets that require the decrease in the intake of these minerals. The RIL were obtained from the cross between BRS Esteio and SCS 205 Riqueza. Genetic variability and transgressive segregation were detected for all traits evaluated. Heritability estimates for the concentrations of phosphorus, phytate, iron, and zinc ranged from intermediate (h2: 30.31%) to high (h2: 98.68%) magnitude, and quantitative inheritance was observed. The phosphorus concentration showed an intermediate correlation estimate with iron (r = 0.4157) and zinc (r = 0.5693) concentrations. Cultivar BRS Expedito and line L 56-17 have a low phytate concentration (≤ 1.29%) and a high iron concentration (≥ 95 mg kg-1 of dry matter - DM), and will be selected by the common bean biofortification program. Lines L 59-17, L 31-17, and L 26-17 and cultivars IPR Siriri and BRS Valente have a high phytate concentration (≥ 2.57%) and a low zinc concentration (≤ 26 mg kg-1 DM) and will be selected for diets that aim at using the beneficial properties of phytate and reducing the zinc intake.

Translated abstract

RESUMO O desenvolvimento de cultivares de feijão com concentração de minerais e de fitatos que atendam aos diferentes requerimentos nutricionais dos consumidores é uma nova estratégia dos programas de melhoramento. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram obter estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para a concentração de fósforo, fitatos, ferro e zinco em uma população de linhagens homozigotas recombinantes (LHR) de feijão Mesoamericano, estudar as correlações entre esses caracteres e selecionar linhagens de feijão para o programa de biofortificação e para dietas que necessitam diminuir a ingestão desses minerais. A LHR foi obtida pelo cruzamento entre BRS Esteio e SCS 205 Riqueza. Variabilidade genética e segregação transgressiva foram observados para todos os caracteres avaliados. Estimativas de herdabilidade para a concentração de fósforo, fitatos, ferro e zinco foram de intermediária (h2: 30,31%) a alta magnitude (h2: 98,68%) e herança quantitativa foi observada. A concentração de fósforo mostrou intermediária correlação com as concentrações de ferro (r= 0,4157) e zinco (r= 0,5693). A cultivar BRS Expedito e a linhagem L 56-17 apresentam baixa concentração de fitatos (≤ 1,29%) e alta concentração de ferro (≥ 95 mg kg-1 de matéria seca - MS) e serão selecionadas pelo programa de biofortificação do feijão. As linhagens L 59-17, L 31-17 e L 26-17 e as cultivares IPR Siriri e BRS Valente possuem alta concentração de fitatos (≥ 2,57%) e baixa concentração de zinco (≤ 26 mg kg-1 de MS) e serão selecionadas para uso em dietas que visam as propriedades benéficas dos fitatos e a redução da ingestão de zinco.

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Hereditary hemochromatosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

Antonello Pietrangelo (2010)

In the late 1800s, hemochromatosis was considered an odd autoptic finding. More than a century later, it was finally recognized as a hereditary, multi-organ disorder associated with a polymorphism that is common among white people: a 845G-->A change in HFE that results in C282Y in the gene product. Hemochromatosis is now a well-defined syndrome characterized by normal iron-driven erythropoiesis and the toxic accumulation of iron in parenchymal cells of liver, heart, and endocrine glands. It can be caused by mutations that affect any of the proteins that limit the entry of iron into the blood. In mice, deletion of the iron hormone hepcidin and any of 8 genes that regulate its biology, including Hfe, transferrin receptor 2 (Tfr2), and hemojuvelin (Hjv) (which all sense the accumulation of iron that hepcidin corrects) or ferroportin (Fpn) (the cellular iron exporter down-regulated by hepcidin), cause iron overload but not organ disease. In humans, loss of TfR2, HJV, and hepcidin itself or FPN mutations result in full-blown hemochromatosis. Unlike these rare instances, in white people, homozygotes for C282Y polymorphism in HFE are numerous, but they are only predisposed to hemochromatosis; complete organ disease develops in a minority, when these individuals abuse alcohol or from other unidentified modifying factors. HFE gene testing can be used to diagnose hemochromatosis, but analyses of liver histology and clinical features are still required to identify patients with rare, non-HFE forms of the disease. The role of hepcidin in the pathogenesis of hemochromatosis reveals its similarities to endocrine diseases such as diabetes and indicates new approaches to diagnosis and management of this common disorder in iron metabolism. Copyright (c) 2010 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.