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      SOPORTE NUTRICIONAL EN EL PACIENTE SÉPTICO: ¿CUÁL ES EL ROL DE LA INMUNONUTRICIÓN CON GLUTAMINA EN LOS PACIENTES POSTOPERADOS DE SEPSIS ABDOMINAL? Translated title: NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT IN THE SEPTIC PATIENT: WHAT IS THE ROLE OF IMMUNONUTRITION WITH GLUTAMINE IN PATIENTS AFTER ABDOMINAL SEPSIS?

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la administración de glutamina asociada a la nutrición parenteral total (NPT) y/o nutrición parenteral complementaria (NPC), en pacientes que cursan con sepsis abdominal resuelto quirúrgicamente (qx), sobre la morbimortalidad a corto plazo. Materiales y métodos: Se llevo a cabo un ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado doble ciego en las UTI del Hospital Municipal Boliviano Holandés (HMBH), Instituto Gastroenterológico Boliviano-Japonés (IGBJ) y la Corporación del Seguro Social Militar (COSSMIL). Se seleccionaron 216 pacientes con sepsis abdominal (sepsis, sepsis severa y choque séptico) que requirieron tratamiento quirúrgico y tratados en su postoperatorio en las UTI de los hospitales mencionados. Luego de 72h del acto quirúrgico, se inició la nutrición parenteral total (NPT) o nutrición parenteral complementaria (NPC) en dos grupos: el primero: NPT/NPC complementado con glutamina y en el segundo solo con NPT/NPC estándar. El día1 y el 3 del postoperatorio se midieron los niveles NUU, el APACHE II, las complicaciones infecciosas y no infecciosas asociadas, el balance nitrogenado y la duración de la estancia hospitalaria. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en ninguno de los parámetros medidos entre el grupo de glutamina (GGLUT) y el grupo no glutamina (GNGLUT). Sin embargo, en un subanálisis del GGLUT se encontró una diferencia importante en el valor de APACHE II entre el primer día y el tercero (P < 0.05). Con respecto a la mortalidad, ésta fue similar en ambos grupos, encontrándose alrededor del 10% a los 30 días. Conclusión: La NPT o NPC temprana suplementada con glutamina no presenta diferencias tempranas en cuanto a la respuesta metabólica al trauma, el estado nutricional previo, ni el hipercatabolismo proteico. Sin embargo, ésta se asocia aparentemente a menor severidad del cuadro séptico de base.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: To evaluate the effect of glutamine administration associated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and / or supplemental parenteral nutrition (NPC), in patients presenting with abdominal sepsis resolved surgically (qx), on short-term morbidity. Materials and methods: We conducted a randomized double-blind randomized controlled trial in the ICU ofthe Hospital Municipal Boliviano Dutch (HMBH), Bolivian-Japanese Gastroenterological Institute (IGBJ) and the Military Social Security Corporation (COSSMIL). We selected 216 patients with abdominal sepsis (sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock) that needed surgery and postoperatively treated in ICUs of hospitals mentioned. After 72 hours of surgery, started total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or supplemental parenteral nutrition (NPC) in two groups: the first: NPT / NPC supplemented with glutamine and second only to NPT / standard NPC. On day 1 and 3 after surgery NUU levels were measured, the APACHE II, the infectious and noninfectious complications associated nitrogen balance and the length of hospital stay. Results: No statisticallysignificant differences were foundin anyoftheparameters measured between the glutamine group (GGLUT) and no glutamine group (GNGLUT). However, in a subanalysis of GGLUT found a significant difference in the value of APACHE II between the first day and the third (P <0.05). With respect to mortality, it was similar in both groups, being about 10% at 30 days. Conclusion: The early NPC NPT or supplemented with glutamine no differences in terms of early metabolic response to trauma, nutritional status prior nor hypercatabolism protein. However, this is associated apparently less severe septic box base.

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          Most cited references63

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          ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Intensive care.

          Enteral nutrition (EN) via tube feeding is, today, the preferred way of feeding the critically ill patient and an important means of counteracting for the catabolic state induced by severe diseases. These guidelines are intended to give evidence-based recommendations for the use of EN in patients who have a complicated course during their ICU stay, focusing particularly on those who develop a severe inflammatory response, i.e. patients who have failure of at least one organ during their ICU stay. These guidelines were developed by an interdisciplinary expert group in accordance with officially accepted standards and are based on all relevant publications since 1985. They were discussed and accepted in a consensus conference. EN should be given to all ICU patients who are not expected to be taking a full oral diet within three days. It should have begun during the first 24h using a standard high-protein formula. During the acute and initial phases of critical illness an exogenous energy supply in excess of 20-25 kcal/kg BW/day should be avoided, whereas, during recovery, the aim should be to provide values of 25-30 total kcal/kg BW/day. Supplementary parenteral nutrition remains a reserve tool and should be given only to those patients who do not reach their target nutrient intake on EN alone. There is no general indication for immune-modulating formulae in patients with severe illness or sepsis and an APACHE II Score >15. Glutamine should be supplemented in patients suffering from burns or trauma.
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            Guidelines for the use of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adult and pediatric patients.

            (2002)
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              Is glutamine a conditionally essential amino acid?

              The nonessential amino acid glutamine has recently been the focus of extensive scientific interest because of its importance in cell and tissue cultures and its physiologic role in animals and humans. Glutamine appears to be a unique amino acid, serving as a preferred respiratory fuel for rapidly proliferating cells, such as enterocytes and lymphocytes; a regulator of acid-base balance through the production of urinary ammonia; a carrier of nitrogen between tissues; and an important precursor of nucleic acids, nucleotides, amino sugars, and proteins. Abundant evidence suggests that glutamine may become a "conditionally essential" amino acid in the critically ill. During stress the body's requirements for glutamine appear to exceed the individual's ability to produce sufficient amounts of this amino acid. Provision of supplemental glutamine in specialized enteral or parenteral feeding may enhance nutritional management and augment recovery of the seriously ill while minimizing hospital stay.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rmcmlp
                Revista Médica La Paz
                Rev. Méd. La Paz
                Colegio Médico de La Paz (La Paz, , Bolivia )
                1726-8958
                2013
                : 19
                : 1
                : 5-14
                Affiliations
                [03] orgnameHospital Militar Central
                [01] La Paz orgnameHospital Militar Central orgdiv1Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Bolivia
                [02] orgnameUniversidad Mayor de San Andrés orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina
                Article
                S1726-89582013000100002
                cb12c7bc-fbe7-49f4-b1ec-9ed5789089b6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 January 2013
                : 27 February 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Bolivia


                Inmunonutrición,sepsis,immunonutrition,glutamine,glutamina
                Inmunonutrición, sepsis, immunonutrition, glutamine, glutamina

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