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      Intraperitoneal Oil Application Causes Local Inflammation with Depletion of Resident Peritoneal Macrophages

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          Pyroptosis: host cell death and inflammation.

          Eukaryotic cells can initiate several distinct programmes of self-destruction, and the nature of the cell death process (non-inflammatory or proinflammatory) instructs responses of neighbouring cells, which in turn dictates important systemic physiological outcomes. Pyroptosis, or caspase 1-dependent cell death, is inherently inflammatory, is triggered by various pathological stimuli, such as stroke, heart attack or cancer, and is crucial for controlling microbial infections. Pathogens have evolved mechanisms to inhibit pyroptosis, enhancing their ability to persist and cause disease. Ultimately, there is a competition between host and pathogen to regulate pyroptosis, and the outcome dictates life or death of the host.
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            A lineage of myeloid cells independent of Myb and hematopoietic stem cells.

            Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are key components of cellular immunity and are thought to originate and renew from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, some macrophages develop in the embryo before the appearance of definitive HSCs. We thus reinvestigated macrophage development. We found that the transcription factor Myb was required for development of HSCs and all CD11b(high) monocytes and macrophages, but was dispensable for yolk sac (YS) macrophages and for the development of YS-derived F4/80(bright) macrophages in several tissues, such as liver Kupffer cells, epidermal Langerhans cells, and microglia--cell populations that all can persist in adult mice independently of HSCs. These results define a lineage of tissue macrophages that derive from the YS and are genetically distinct from HSC progeny.
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              The clearance of dead cells by efferocytosis

              Multiple modes of cell death have been identified, each with a unique function and each induced in a setting-dependent manner. As billions of cells die during mammalian embryogenesis and daily in adult organisms, clearing dead cells and associated cellular debris is important in physiology. In this Review, we present an overview of the phagocytosis of dead and dying cells, a process known as efferocytosis. Efferocytosis is carried out by macrophages and to a lesser extent by other ‘professional’ phagocytes (such as monocytes and dendritic cells) and non-professional phagocytes, such as epithelial cells. Recent discoveries have informed this process and how it functions to maintain tissue homeostasis, tissue repair, and organismal health. Here, we outline the mechanisms of efferocytosis, from the recognition of dying cells through to phagocytic engulfment and homeostatic resolution, and highlight the pathophysiological consequences that can arise when this process is abrogated.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Molecular Cancer Research
                Mol Cancer Res
                American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
                1541-7786
                1557-3125
                February 03 2021
                February 2021
                February 2021
                November 02 2020
                : 19
                : 2
                : 288-300
                Article
                10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-20-0650
                33139505
                cb1ee1a3-7ffc-4a39-8570-0bdd147e0f4b
                © 2020
                History

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