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      Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production

      editorial

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          Abstract

          This editorial paper provides a synopsis of the contributions to the Bioengineering special issue “Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production”. It illustrates the embedding of the issue’s individual research articles in the current global research and development landscape related to polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). The article shows how these articles are interrelated to each other, reflecting the entire PHA process chain including strain selection, metabolic and genetic considerations, feedstock evaluation, fermentation regimes, process engineering, and polymer processing towards high-value marketable products.

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          A microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) based bio- and materials industry.

          Guo-Qiang Chen (2009)
          Biopolyesters polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) produced by many bacteria have been investigated by microbiologists, molecular biologists, biochemists, chemical engineers, chemists, polymer experts and medical researchers. PHA applications as bioplastics, fine chemicals, implant biomaterials, medicines and biofuels have been developed and are covered in this critical review. Companies have been established or involved in PHA related R&D as well as large scale production. Recently, bacterial PHA synthesis has been found to be useful for improving robustness of industrial microorganisms and regulating bacterial metabolism, leading to yield improvement on some fermentation products. In addition, amphiphilic proteins related to PHA synthesis including PhaP, PhaZ or PhaC have been found to be useful for achieving protein purification and even specific drug targeting. It has become clear that PHA and its related technologies are forming an industrial value chain ranging from fermentation, materials, energy to medical fields (142 references).
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            Biodegradable and bio-based polymers: future prospects of eco-friendly plastics.

            Tadahisa Iwata (2015)
            Currently used plastics are mostly produced from petrochemical products, but there is a growing demand for eco-friendly plastics. The use of bio-based plastics, which are produced from renewable resources, and biodegradable plastics, which are degraded in the environment, will lead to a more sustainable society and help us solve global environmental and waste management problems.
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              Occurrence, synthesis and medical application of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoate.

              Gregory M Zinn, T Egli, B Witholt (2001)
              Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) comprise a large class of polyesters that are synthesized by many bacteria as an intracellular carbon and energy compound. Analysis of isolated PHAs reveal interesting properties such as biodegradability and biocompatibility. Research was focused only recently on the application of PHA in implants, scaffolds in tissue engineering, or as drug carriers. Such applications require that PHA be produced at a constant and reproducible quality. To date this can be achieved best through bacterial production in continuous culture where growth conditions are kept constant (chemostat). Recently, it was found that PHA producing bacteria are able to grow simultaneously limited by carbon and nitrogen substrates. Thus, it became possible to produce PHA at high yields on toxic substrate and also control its composition accurately (tailor-made synthesis). Finally, applications of PHA in medicine are discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Liang Luo: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Bioengineering (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Bioengineering (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): bioengineering
                Title: Bioengineering
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2306-5354
                Publication date (Electronic): 02 November 2017
                Publication date Collection: December 2017
                Volume: 4
                Issue: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: 88
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/III, 8010 Graz, Austria; martin.koller@ 123456uni-graz.at ; Tel.: +43-316-380-5463
                [2 ]ARENA—Association for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Technologies, Inffeldgasse 21b, 8010 Graz, Austria
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9251-1822
                Article
                Publisher ID: bioengineering-04-00088
                DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4040088
                PMC ID: 5746755
                PubMed ID: 29099065
                SO-VID: cb2490c4-b6ad-44c8-8663-e4600d8d85a4
                Copyright © © 2017 by the author.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 05 September 2017
                Date accepted : 31 October 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Editorial

                Keywords: bacteria,copolyester,feedstocks,fermentation,haloarchaea,metabolism,mixed microbial cultures,polyhydroxyalkanoate,strain selection,process engineering,processing,pure culture,sustainability,waste streams
                Data availability:
                Keywords: bacteria, copolyester, feedstocks, fermentation, haloarchaea, metabolism, mixed microbial cultures, polyhydroxyalkanoate, strain selection, process engineering, processing, pure culture, sustainability, waste streams

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