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      Desigualdades en la distribución de la COVID-19: una adaptación del marco conceptual de la OMS Translated title: Inequities in the distribution of COVID-19: an adaptation of WHO’s conceptual framework

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          Abstract

          La pandemia de COVID-19 afecta actualmente a poblaciones de todo el mundo. Aunque todas las personas son susceptibles de contraer la enfermedad, hay numerosos argumentos de que la pandemia tiene un mayor impacto en los grupos socioeconómicos más desfavorecidos y en las minorías, lo que es un fenómeno omnipresente. Es esencial que las Administraciones de salud pública y los gobiernos comprendan las desigualdades para desarrollar políticas intersectoriales adecuadas para hacer frente a esta crisis. Por lo tanto, es clave desarrollar un marco conceptual sobre este tema, que describa los mecanismos sociales que explican la injusta distribución de la incidencia y la mortalidad de la COVID-19. El objetivo de este trabajo es adaptar el marco sobre determinantes sociales de la salud de la Organización Mundial de la Salud a las particularidades de la pandemia de COVID-19, identificar y explicar los determinantes estructurales e intermedios implicados en esta pandemia, así como añadir algunos elementos nuevos (como el papel de los sistemas de opresión y la comunicación) que pueden ayudar a comprender, y en última instancia a abordar, las desigualdades sociales en la distribución de la COVID-19.

          Translated abstract

          The COVID-19 pandemic currently affects populations worldwide. Although everyone is susceptible to the virus, there are numerous accounts of the pandemic having a greater impact on lower socioeconomic groups and minorities, which is a ubiquitous phenomenon. It is essential for public health administrations and governments to uncover and understanding these inequities to develop proper intersectoral policies to tackle this crisis. Therefore, developing a conceptual framework on this topic, describing the social mechanisms that explain the unjust distribution of the incidence and mortality of COVID-19, is a key task. The aim of this paper is to adapt the framework on social determinants of health from the World Health Organization to the specifics of COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it identifies and explains the structural and intermediate determinants involved in this pandemic, and adds some new elements (such as the role of the oppression systems and communication) which may help to understand, and ultimately tackle, social inequities in COVID-19 distribution.

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          The COVID-19 pandemic and health inequalities

          This essay examines the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for health inequalities. It outlines historical and contemporary evidence of inequalities in pandemics—drawing on international research into the Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918, the H1N1 outbreak of 2009 and the emerging international estimates of socio-economic, ethnic and geographical inequalities in COVID-19 infection and mortality rates. It then examines how these inequalities in COVID-19 are related to existing inequalities in chronic diseases and the social determinants of health, arguing that we are experiencing a syndemic pandemic. It then explores the potential consequences for health inequalities of the lockdown measures implemented internationally as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the likely unequal impacts of the economic crisis. The essay concludes by reflecting on the longer-term public health policy responses needed to ensure that the COVID-19 pandemic does not increase health inequalities for future generations.
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            Is Open Access

            Covid-19 pandemic and the social determinants of health

            Lauren Paremoer and colleagues call for action to create a fairer and more sustainable post-covid world
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              Covid-19 — Implications for the Health Care System

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Gac Sanit
                Gac Sanit
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                SESPAS. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.
                0213-9111
                1578-1283
                20 October 2021
                20 October 2021
                Affiliations
                [a ]Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
                [b ]Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
                [c ]CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
                [d ]Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Barcelona, Spain
                [e ]Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author.
                Article
                S0213-9111(21)00179-5
                10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.004
                8526437
                34823902
                cb2df4d2-03da-42fa-b951-08fd71497c4f
                © 2021 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 2 June 2021
                : 2 October 2021
                Categories
                Special Article

                covid-19,socioeconomic factors,social determinants of health,factores socioeconómicos,determinantes sociales de la salud

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